Podcast
Questions and Answers
What was the main reason for the bookstore manager's lackluster Book Day sales?
What was the main reason for the bookstore manager's lackluster Book Day sales?
- Students and parents were already busy attending a lacrosse game. (correct)
- The bookstore had limited selection of books available for sale.
- The manager did not adequately advertise the Book Day.
- The school lacked a strong interest in participating in the fund-raiser.
Which decision-making bias is exemplified by the bookstore manager's continued refusal to partner with other schools for Book Days despite the initial negative experience?
Which decision-making bias is exemplified by the bookstore manager's continued refusal to partner with other schools for Book Days despite the initial negative experience?
- Confirmation Bias (correct)
- Availability Heuristic
- Escalating Commitment
- Illusion of Control
How does the illusion of control affect decision-making?
How does the illusion of control affect decision-making?
- It leads managers to be more cautious and less likely to take risks.
- It encourages managers to delegate tasks and responsibilities to others.
- It results in managers overestimating their ability to control outcomes and make inappropriate decisions. (correct)
- It promotes a more collaborative decision-making process.
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of escalating commitment as described in the text?
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of escalating commitment as described in the text?
The text suggests that top managers are particularly susceptible to the illusion of control. Why is this?
The text suggests that top managers are particularly susceptible to the illusion of control. Why is this?
What is a potential consequence of escalating commitment?
What is a potential consequence of escalating commitment?
What percentage of mergers and acquisitions are considered failures?
What percentage of mergers and acquisitions are considered failures?
What does the text suggest that managers should do when faced with a failing project?
What does the text suggest that managers should do when faced with a failing project?
What is a primary characteristic of groupthink in decision making?
What is a primary characteristic of groupthink in decision making?
Which of the following decisions is an example of groupthink leading to flawed outcomes?
Which of the following decisions is an example of groupthink leading to flawed outcomes?
What role does a devil's advocate play in the decision-making process?
What role does a devil's advocate play in the decision-making process?
How do pressures for agreement within a group affect individual contributions?
How do pressures for agreement within a group affect individual contributions?
What is the main purpose of dialectical inquiry in decision making?
What is the main purpose of dialectical inquiry in decision making?
What outcome can result from failing to recognize cognitive biases in a group decision process?
What outcome can result from failing to recognize cognitive biases in a group decision process?
What emotional basis can often underlie commitment in decision making during groupthink?
What emotional basis can often underlie commitment in decision making during groupthink?
Which of the following best describes a consequence of the groupthink phenomenon?
Which of the following best describes a consequence of the groupthink phenomenon?
What should top managers emphasize to foster creative solutions in their teams?
What should top managers emphasize to foster creative solutions in their teams?
How can organizations encourage frontline employees to share creative ideas?
How can organizations encourage frontline employees to share creative ideas?
What is a key feature of brainstorming sessions?
What is a key feature of brainstorming sessions?
What is 'piggybacking' in the context of brainstorming?
What is 'piggybacking' in the context of brainstorming?
What is one of the benefits of using group problem-solving techniques in organizations?
What is one of the benefits of using group problem-solving techniques in organizations?
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of successful idea generation in groups?
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of successful idea generation in groups?
What role do ceremonies and rewards play in an innovative organization?
What role do ceremonies and rewards play in an innovative organization?
What is a potential emotional response associated with being creative in the workplace?
What is a potential emotional response associated with being creative in the workplace?
What is one significant advantage of group decision making?
What is one significant advantage of group decision making?
Which of the following is a disadvantage of group decision making?
Which of the following is a disadvantage of group decision making?
What can improve group decision making?
What can improve group decision making?
What is the primary role of a product champion in an organization?
What is the primary role of a product champion in an organization?
How does group decision making affect the probability of successful implementation of a decision?
How does group decision making affect the probability of successful implementation of a decision?
How does intrapreneurship impact organizational learning?
How does intrapreneurship impact organizational learning?
What common challenge do groups face in coming to decisions?
What common challenge do groups face in coming to decisions?
According to Audrey Sherman, what is a key factor for successful intrapreneurship?
According to Audrey Sherman, what is a key factor for successful intrapreneurship?
Which scenario best exemplifies groupthink in decision making?
Which scenario best exemplifies groupthink in decision making?
Why might managers work together to expose their decision-making weaknesses?
Why might managers work together to expose their decision-making weaknesses?
What is the purpose of skunkworks in an organization?
What is the purpose of skunkworks in an organization?
What advantage does 3M offer its managers to promote intrapreneurship?
What advantage does 3M offer its managers to promote intrapreneurship?
What is a beneficial outcome of group decision making regarding information?
What is a beneficial outcome of group decision making regarding information?
Which of the following describes a characteristic of a product champion?
Which of the following describes a characteristic of a product champion?
What mindset does Audrey Sherman suggest for recognizing innovation opportunities?
What mindset does Audrey Sherman suggest for recognizing innovation opportunities?
How can organizations enhance their ability to provide improved goods and services?
How can organizations enhance their ability to provide improved goods and services?
In the context of decision making, what does the term "nonprogrammed decision making" refer to?
In the context of decision making, what does the term "nonprogrammed decision making" refer to?
What is the primary reason why managers have to be cautious about overconfidence in their decisions, according to the passage?
What is the primary reason why managers have to be cautious about overconfidence in their decisions, according to the passage?
Which of the following situations best exemplifies nonprogrammed decision making?
Which of the following situations best exemplifies nonprogrammed decision making?
According to the passage, what are the primary difficulties posed by nonprogrammed decision making, as opposed to programmed decision making?
According to the passage, what are the primary difficulties posed by nonprogrammed decision making, as opposed to programmed decision making?
The passage mentions that the classical model of decision making is "prescriptive." What does "prescriptive" mean in this context?
The passage mentions that the classical model of decision making is "prescriptive." What does "prescriptive" mean in this context?
According to the passage, what is the purpose of the classical and administrative decision-making models?
According to the passage, what is the purpose of the classical and administrative decision-making models?
Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a characteristic of nonprogrammed decision making?
Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a characteristic of nonprogrammed decision making?
What conclusion can be drawn from the passage about the role of intuition in decision making?
What conclusion can be drawn from the passage about the role of intuition in decision making?
Flashcards
Nonprogrammed Decision Making
Nonprogrammed Decision Making
Decision making without established rules or guidelines, often in unique situations.
Programmed Decision Making
Programmed Decision Making
Decision making based on established processes and rules, usually in routine situations.
Intuition
Intuition
Instinctive understanding or immediate perception without the need for conscious reasoning.
Judgment
Judgment
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Classical Decision-Making Model
Classical Decision-Making Model
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Overconfidence
Overconfidence
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Emergency Decision Making
Emergency Decision Making
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Complexities in Decision Making
Complexities in Decision Making
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Book Day Event
Book Day Event
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Illusion of Control
Illusion of Control
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Decision-making Bias
Decision-making Bias
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Escalating Commitment
Escalating Commitment
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Mergers and Acquisitions Failures
Mergers and Acquisitions Failures
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Scheduling Conflicts
Scheduling Conflicts
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Fundraising Goals
Fundraising Goals
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Feedback Ignorance
Feedback Ignorance
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Groupthink
Groupthink
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Emotional Commitment
Emotional Commitment
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Bay of Pigs Invasion
Bay of Pigs Invasion
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Devil's Advocacy
Devil's Advocacy
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Dialectical Inquiry
Dialectical Inquiry
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NASA Challenger Disaster
NASA Challenger Disaster
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Pressure for Consensus
Pressure for Consensus
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Cognitive Biases
Cognitive Biases
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Role of Top Managers in Creativity
Role of Top Managers in Creativity
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Importance of Rewards
Importance of Rewards
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Frontline Employees
Frontline Employees
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Group Problem-Solving Techniques
Group Problem-Solving Techniques
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Brainstorming
Brainstorming
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'Piggybacking' Ideas
'Piggybacking' Ideas
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Debate Alternatives
Debate Alternatives
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Ceremonies for Innovation
Ceremonies for Innovation
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Group Decision Making
Group Decision Making
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Advantages of Group Decision Making
Advantages of Group Decision Making
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Disadvantages of Group Decision Making
Disadvantages of Group Decision Making
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Biases in Decision Making
Biases in Decision Making
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Overcoming Groupthink
Overcoming Groupthink
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Collective Knowledge
Collective Knowledge
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Effective Implementation
Effective Implementation
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Learning Organization
Learning Organization
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Intrapreneurship
Intrapreneurship
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Product Champion
Product Champion
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3M's Product Development Committee
3M's Product Development Committee
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Teamwork in Intrapreneurship
Teamwork in Intrapreneurship
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Skunkworks
Skunkworks
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Audrey Sherman
Audrey Sherman
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Ownership in Projects
Ownership in Projects
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Study Notes
Decision Making, Planning, and Strategy
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Learning Objectives: Students should be able to understand managerial decision-making, differentiate between programmed and nonprogrammed decisions, explain why nonprogrammed decisions are complex, describe the six steps for best decisions, and explain cognitive biases in poor decisions. Identify advantages and disadvantages of group decision making, and describe techniques to improve it. Explain the role of organizational learning and creativity in improving decisions. Describe how managers can encourage and promote entrepreneurship.
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A Manager's Challenge (CVS Health): Karen Lynch, CEO of CVS Health, demonstrates decision-making skills in corporate strategy. CVS acquired Aetna in 2018 to expand health care services. She focused on affordability and wider access to primary care and mental health services alongside other existing services.
Programmed and Nonprogrammed Decision Making
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Programmed Decisions: These decisions are routine and automatic, following well-established rules and guidelines for recurring situations. Examples include ordering supplies when inventory is low or hiring new teachers when enrollment increases.
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Nonprogrammed Decisions: These decisions occur in response to unusual or novel situations, lacking pre-existing rules or guidelines. Examples include decisions about new technologies, developing new product lines, entering new markets.
Decision-Making Steps
- Six Steps: Recognizing the need for a decision, generating alternative solutions, assessing alternatives, choosing among the alternatives, implementing the chosen solution, and learning from the feedback.
Cognitive Biases
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Confirmation Bias: Decision-makers tend to favor information that confirms existing beliefs, ignoring contradictory evidence.
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Representativeness Bias: Judging probabilities based on limited samples or vivid examples.
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Illusion of Control: Overestimating one's ability to control events or outcomes.
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Escalating Commitment: Continuing a failing course of action despite negative feedback due to the sunk cost.
Group Decision Making
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Advantages: Drawing on diverse skills and knowledge, reducing bias, and enhancing information processing.
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Disadvantages: Groups may take longer to reach decisions, require agreement among multiple parties, and can be susceptible to biases. Groupthink is a particular concern where group members value harmony over critical discussion.
Techniques to Improve Group Decision Making
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Brainstorming: Generating ideas without criticism, allowing for free-flowing contributions.
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Nominal Group Technique: Generating ideas individually and then sharing them in a structured format to encourage diverse input.
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Delphi Technique: Using structured questionnaires to gather input from multiple individuals, allowing for anonymous feedback, reducing production blocking and groupthink.
Organizational Learning and Creativity
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Organizational Learning: The company and its employees continually learn. It involves enhancing employees' ability to understand the environment and improving organizational effectiveness.
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Creativity: The ability of decision-makers to generate novel ideas and solutions is central to decision-making improvement.
Intrapreneurship
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Intrapreneurs: Individuals who foster entrepreneurship within established organizations. They identify opportunities, develop new products/services, and contribute to the organization's growth.
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Promoting Intrapreneurship: Rewarding creative ideas and encouraging experimentation, providing support, and allowing flexible work arrangements can cultivate intrapreneurship.
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