Management Overview and Types

Management Overview

• Management is coordinating and overseeing the work of others to accomplish organizational goals efficiently and effectively.

Efficiency and Effectiveness

• Efficiency means doing things right, getting the most output from the least input.
• Effectiveness means doing the right things, attaining organizational goals.
• Management strives for low resource waste (high efficiency) and high goal attainment (high effectiveness).

Classifying Managers

• First-line managers manage non-managerial employees.
• Middle managers manage the work of first-line managers.
• Top managers make organization-wide decisions and establish plans/goals affecting the entire organization.

Levels of Management

• A hierarchical structure exists within organizations, with top managers at the apex, followed by middle managers, and then first-line managers, all overseeing non-managerial employees at the base.

Organizations

• An organization is a deliberate arrangement of people to accomplish a specific purpose.
• Organizations have distinct purposes, deliberate structures, and people.

Management Functions

• Planning: Defining goals, strategies, and plans to coordinate activities.
• Organizing: Arranging and structuring work to achieve goals.
• Leading: Working with and through people to accomplish goals.
• Controlling: Monitoring, comparing, and correcting work.

Mintzberg's Managerial Roles

• Roles are specific actions or behaviors expected of managers.
• Mintzberg identified 10 roles grouped around interpersonal relationships, information transfer, and decision-making.

Types of Roles

• Interpersonal: Figurehead, leader, liaison.
• Informational: Monitor, disseminator, spokesperson.
• Decisional: Entrepreneur, disturbance handler, resource allocator, negotiator.

Management Skills

• Technical skills: Knowledge and proficiency in a specific field.
• Human skills: Ability to work well with others.
• Conceptual skills: Ability to think conceptually about abstract and complex situations concerning the organization.

Skills Needed at Different Managerial Levels

• Top managers need strong conceptual skills.
• Middle managers need a balance of human and conceptual skills.
• Lower-level managers need strong technical skills.

Challenges Facing Managers Today and into the Future

• Focus on technology; getting employees on board with new technology and overseeing collaborative technologies.
• Focus on disruptive innovation; adapting to new products/processes/services that change the rules of the game.
• Focus on social media; managing the social aspects and interactions of social media use in organizations.
• Focus on ethics; building trust with stakeholders in a business environment.
• Focus on political uncertainty; adapting to changing political climates.
• Focus on the customer; managing customer relationships and providing consistent, high-quality customer service.

Why Managers are Important

• Organizations need managerial skills now more than ever to get things done.
• Managers play a crucial role for organizations.

Universality of Management

• Management is necessary in all types and sizes of organizations, at all levels and in every area, regardless of location.

Rewards From Being a Manager

• Create a positive work environment where team members are empowered
• Opportunities for creativity and innovation
• Help others in their careers and provide a sense of purpose in their work
• Work with many types of people
• Recognition and status in the organization and community
• Influence organizational outcomes
• Appropriate compensation