17 Questions
What is the most reliable indicator of ovarian function in pre-menopausal women?
A careful menstrual history
What is the average age of menopause in high-income countries?
50 years
What is the term for the 5-year period preceding menopause, characterized by a gradual increase in anovulatory cycles?
Climacteric
What happens to oestrogen and inhibin secretion during the climacteric?
They decrease gradually
What is the typical result of negative feedback on pituitary secretion of LH and FSH during the climacteric?
Levels increase above 30 IU/L
What is the typical age range for continues HRT in patients with premature menopause?
Up to 50 years
What is a common symptom of oestrogen deficiency in women?
Loss of libido
What is a common feature of both hypo- and hypergonadotrophic hypogonadism?
Decreased frequency of shaving
What is a potential cause of mild hypogonadism in older men?
Central adiposity
What is the typical investigation to confirm male hypogonadism?
Demonstrating a low fasting 0900-hr serum testosterone level
Why is testosterone measurement increasingly trending in older men?
As part of an assessment of erectile dysfunction and lack of libido
What is the recommended management approach for women with functional amenorrhoea due to excessive exercise and low weight?
Reduce exercise and regain some weight
In women who have had a hysterectomy, what type of hormone therapy is typically recommended?
Oestrogen alone
What is the risk associated with unopposed oestrogen therapy in women with a uterus?
Increased risk of endometrial cancer
Which hormone therapy regimen involves giving oestrogen on days 1–21 and progestogen on days 14–21 of the cycle?
Cyclical HRT
What are some of the concerns regarding high-dose oral or transdermal hormone replacement therapy (HRT)?
Fluid retention, weight gain, hypertension, and thrombosis
What are the known benefits of Hormone Replacement Therapy (HRT) in post-menopausal women?
Relieve menopausal symptoms and prevent osteoporotic fractures
Learn about the management strategies for women's health issues, such as functional amenorrhoea, structural pituitary and hypothalamic diseases, PCOS, and oestrogen deficiency. Explore the importance of treatment and hormone replacement therapy.
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