Management of Adverse Effects: Acute Dystonia
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Questions and Answers

What is the typical time frame for acute dystonia to occur after starting a new medication or increasing the dose?

  • Within 1-6 hours
  • Within 1-2 months
  • Within 1-2 weeks
  • Within 12-48 hours (correct)
  • Which medication is given as a 50 mg injection to treat acute dystonia?

  • Benztropine
  • Clonazepam
  • Valbenazine
  • Diphenhydramine (correct)
  • What is the primary characteristic of tardive dyskinesia?

  • Breathing difficulties
  • Painful muscle spasms
  • Involuntary and repetitive movements of the mouth and face (correct)
  • Psychiatric emergencies
  • How long must tardive dyskinesia symptoms persist after stopping the medication for diagnosis?

    <p>At least 1 month</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one treatment option for tardive dyskinesia?

    <p>Switching to a different medication like clozapine or olanzapine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary goal of treating acute dystonia?

    <p>To alleviate painful muscle spasms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Acute Dystonia

    • Acute dystonia is a condition characterized by painful and scary muscle spasms, typically in the head and neck, which can also affect other parts of the body.
    • It usually occurs within 12-48 hours of starting a new medication or increasing the dose.
    • It mostly affects young men and can be a psychiatric emergency because it can affect breathing, though it is usually not fatal.
    • Treatment involves a one-time dose of an antiparkinsonian agent with or without a muscle relaxant like Benztropine 2 mg or Diphenhydramine.
    • Diphenhydramine is an antihistamine given as a 50 mg injection, which usually takes effect within 20-30 minutes.
    • If the patient's tongue sticks out, they may need to be admitted to the hospital.

    Tardive Dyskinesia (TD)

    • Tardive dyskinesia is a movement disorder that can develop after using antipsychotic or other medications for a short or long time, or after stopping, changing, or reducing these medications.
    • It involves involuntary and repetitive movements of the mouth and face, like chewing or grimacing, as well as rocking and tapping movements.
    • Sometimes, it can also affect breathing or speech, though the patient may not be aware of it.
    • For diagnosis, TD symptoms must persist for at least a month after stopping the medication.
    • Treatment options include:
      • Switching to a different medication like clozapine or olanzapine
      • Using a medication that inhibits a specific transporter in the brain, for example Valbenazine or deutetrabenazine
      • Using a medication like Clonazepam

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    Description

    Learn about acute dystonia, a condition causing painful muscle spasms, usually triggered by new medications or dosage increases. Understand its symptoms, treatment, and importance in psychiatric emergencies.

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