Management Introduction Chapter 1

Management Overview

• Management is a technique for enabling cohesive workflows towards achieving specific objectives through effective resource utilization.
• Peter F. Drucker defines management as a multi-purpose organ managing business, managers, workers, and work processes.
• Henri Fayol describes management functions as planning, organizing, commanding, coordinating, and controlling.
• Mary Parker Follett emphasizes the human element, defining management as the art of getting things done through people.
• Dr. F.W. Taylor focuses on the efficiency aspect, viewing management as "knowing what you want to do" and executing it cost-effectively.

Functions of Management

• Planning: The initial step that determines day-to-day operations to achieve tactical and strategic goals.
• Organizing: Involves structuring an organization’s resources and tasks to facilitate planned activities. This includes organizational design and the creation of job roles.
• Staffing: The process of recruiting, selecting, and training employees, ensuring optimal placement and performance of human resources.
• Strategic Management: Involves defining an organization's purpose, setting long-term goals, and developing adaptive strategies for competition.
• Production Management: Focuses on planning and controlling manufacturing or service processes, converting inputs into outputs while maintaining quality.

Management Theories and Approaches

• Management approaches guide how managers deal with planning, organizing, leading, and controlling resources.
• Major theories include classical, behavioral, and quantitative management perspectives.

Management Styles

• Democratic Management: Encourages employee input in decision-making while maintaining final authority with the manager.
• Consultative Management: Managers seek team input before making decisions, particularly in specialized fields where staff are experts.
• Participative Management: Involves active participation from both managers and staff in the decision-making process to foster innovation.
• Collaborative Management: An open discourse is encouraged before decisions, empowering staff and enhancing engagement.
• Transformational Management: Focuses on motivating teams to exceed expectations by fostering a growth-oriented culture.
• Coaching Management: Managers act as coaches, prioritizing team development and promoting learning opportunities over immediate results.

Levels of Management

• Top-Level Management: Responsible for strategic planning, vision/mission formulation, policy drafting, and overall organizational survival and growth.
• Middle-Level Management: Heads of various departments act as a bridge between top and lower management, executing plans, communicating policies, and motivating staff.
• Lower-Level Management: Focuses on supervising operational tasks and managing day-to-day activities of employees to ensure efficiency and productivity.