Management Information Systems Chapter 7: Business Intelligence and Databases
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Questions and Answers

What is a group of related files called in a traditional file environment?

  • Field
  • File
  • Record
  • Database (correct)

    • What is the term for a characteristic or quality that describes an entity?

  • Record
  • Attribute (correct)
  • Entity
  • Field

    • What is the basic unit of data in a computer system that represents either a 0 or a 1?

  • Record
  • Bit (correct)
  • Byte
  • Field

    • What is a group of related records of the same type in a traditional file environment?

    <p>File</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for a group of related fields in a traditional file environment?

    <p>Record</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the highest level of data organization in a traditional file environment?

    <p>Database</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How are bits grouped to represent a character, number, or symbol?

    <p>Into a byte</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the problems with the traditional file environment?

    <p>Data redundancy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a result of each functional area developing specialized applications?

    <p>Data redundancy and inconsistency</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the presence of duplicate data in multiple files?

    <p>Data redundancy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for when changes in a program require changes to data accessed by the program?

    <p>Program-data dependence</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is grouped to form a file?

    <p>Related records</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of Object-Oriented DBMS (OODBMS)?

    <p>Storing data and procedures as objects</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a primary function of a data dictionary?

    <p>To store definitions of data elements and their characteristics</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of databases in the cloud?

    <p>Typically less functionality than on-premises DBs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is Structured Query Language (SQL) used for?

    <p>To add, change, delete, and retrieve data from a database</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a feature of Microsoft Access?

    <p>Has a rudimentary data dictionary capability</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a capability of Database Management Systems?

    <p>Data definition capability and data manipulation language</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the key feature of the relationship between Order_Number and Order_Date?

    <p>One-to-one correspondence</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of an entity-relationship diagram?

    <p>To document the data model</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for storing a database in more than one location?

    <p>Distributing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for storing different parts of a database in separate locations?

    <p>Partitioning</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for duplicating a central database at different locations?

    <p>Replicating</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is illustrated in Figure 6-11?

    <p>Entity-relationship diagram</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary focus of data governance in an enterprise?

    <p>Managing availability, usability, integrity, and security of enterprise data</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary cause of data quality problems?

    <p>Faulty input</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of a data quality audit?

    <p>To survey end users for perceptions of quality</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is data administration responsible for?

    <p>Specific policies and procedures to manage data</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is data cleansing used for?

    <p>To detect and correct data that are incorrect, incomplete, improperly formatted, or redundant</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary goal of establishing an information policy?

    <p>To establish rules, procedures, and roles for sharing, managing, and standardizing data</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Organizing Data in a Traditional File Environment

    • A database is a group of related files, and a file is a group of records of the same type
    • A record is a group of related fields, and a field is a group of characters that describes an entity (person, place, thing)
    • Attribute: each characteristic or quality describing an entity

    The Data Hierarchy

    • A computer system organizes data in a hierarchy:
      • Bit: represents either a 0 or a 1
      • Byte: a group of bits that represents one character, number, or symbol
      • Field: a group of related bytes
      • Record: a group of related fields
      • File: a collection of related records
      • Database: a collection of related files

    Problems with Traditional File Environment

    • Data redundancy: presence of duplicate data in multiple files
    • Data inconsistency: same attribute has different values
    • Program-data dependence: changes in program require changes to data accessed by program
    • Lack of flexibility
    • Poor security
    • Lack of data sharing and availability

    The Database Approach to Data Management

    • Object-Oriented DBMS (OODBMS): stores data and procedures as objects
    • Hybrid object-relational DBMS: provides capabilities of both OODBMS and relational DBMS
    • Databases in the cloud: typically less functionality than on-premises DBs

    Capabilities of Database Management Systems

    • Data definition capability: specifies structure of database content
    • Data dictionary: automated or manual file storing definitions of data elements and their characteristics
    • Data manipulation language: used to add, change, delete, and retrieve data from database
    • Structured Query Language (SQL): used to manipulate data
    • Report generation capabilities: for creating polished reports

    Entity-Relationship Diagram

    • Used by database designers to document the data model
    • Illustrates relationships between entities
    • Distributing databases: storing database in more than one place (partitioned or replicated)

    Managing Data Resources

    • Establishing an information policy: firm's rules, procedures, roles for sharing, managing, standardizing data
    • Data administration: firm function responsible for specific policies and procedures to manage data
    • Data governance: policies and processes for managing availability, usability, integrity, and security of enterprise data
    • Database administration: defining, organizing, implementing, and maintaining database

    Ensuring Data Quality

    • More than 25% of critical data in Fortune 1000 company databases are inaccurate or incomplete
    • Most data quality problems stem from faulty input
    • Data quality audit: structured survey of the accuracy and level of completeness of the data in an information system
    • Data cleansing: software to detect and correct data that are incorrect, incomplete, improperly formatted, or redundant

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    Test your understanding of chapter 7 of Management Information Systems, covering the foundations of business intelligence, databases, and information management. Learn about data resources, data warehousing, and more.

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