Management Concepts and Principles

The ability to apply knowledge and skills to real-world situations.

Unique approaches and styles that managers use to solve problems.

The act of combining resources and processes to create goods or services.

Improving through continuous learning and experience in managing.

A structured body of knowledge based on universal facts and principles.

The application of knowledge and skills to achieve desired outcomes.

The combination of science and art in management.

Management is a soft science that deals with human behavior in organizations.

A systematic body of knowledge based on general principles and facts used to explain a specific field, like management.

A collection of principles and techniques that can be applied in different organizations to explain events and guide managers.

Principles that are true regardless of the situation or time and can be applied across different organizations.

The principle that an employee should report to only one supervisor to avoid confusion and conflicting instructions.

Scientific methods like observation and experimentation are used to develop and test principles of management.

A process of systematically gathering information and analyzing it to understand a phenomenon or problem.

A logical and reasoned approach to understanding and explaining a concept.

The ability to find a cause-and-effect relationship between different factors affecting a situation.

Focuses on improving efficiency and productivity by analyzing and optimizing tasks. It emphasizes standardization, specialization, and scientific methods.

Focuses on the management of the entire organization and its structure, emphasizing principles like planning, organizing, commanding, coordinating, and controlling.

Emphasizes hierarchy, rules, and procedures to ensure order and predictability within organizations. It focuses on clear lines of authority and responsibility.

Focuses on the human element of work and recognizes the importance of individual needs and motivations. It emphasizes factors like employee morale, communication, and leadership.

The classical approach is a traditional way of thinking about management that focuses on efficiency and structure.

Dividing work into specialized tasks to increase efficiency and productivity.

The right to give orders and expect obedience. It must be balanced with responsibility.

Employees must follow the rules and regulations of the company to ensure order and stability.

Everyone in the organization must work towards the same goals to achieve success.

Individual interests must be subordinate to the overall interests of the company.

Fair treatment and rewards for employees based on their contributions and performance.

Clear communication lines and channels within the organization to ensure effective collaboration.

The concentration of decision-making power at the highest level of an organization. Top management makes all key decisions.

Distributing decision-making authority to lower levels of an organization, empowering employees.

A direct communication link between employees at the same level, bypassing the chain of command when necessary.

When a small business makes all decisions at the top, while a large organization like Tata or Reliance might use decentralization for some decisions.

Decisions related to the overall direction, strategic goals, and major expansion of the business are typically made by top management.

Decisions about everyday operations are often delegated to middle and lower management, like purchasing material, employee leave.

Fayol's principle of finding the right balance between centralization and decentralization, depending on the organization's needs and size.

The understanding that employees are not just motivated by money, but are complex individuals who are influenced by psychological and social factors, especially in the workplace, so work environment and interpersonal relationships matter.

The idea that workers are not isolated individuals, but are part of groups, and their behavior and performance are influenced by the group's norms and expectations.

The recognition that informal leaders emerge within groups in the workplace, setting and enforcing group norms and influencing behavior.

The principle that the amount of work done by an employee is not solely determined by their physical capabilities, but is also influenced by social norms and group expectations.

The managerial approach that emphasizes the human and social aspects of the workplace, focusing on employee well-being, relationships, and motivation to improve productivity and organizational efficiency.

The famous research conducted in the 1920s and 1930s that highlighted the importance of social and psychological factors in worker productivity, like leadership effectiveness, interpersonal relationships, and work environment.

The principle that managers should use verbal communication, like face-to-face meetings, whenever possible, as it promotes faster and more effective communication, leading to greater understanding and harmony in the workplace.

The idea that while there are established principles of management, they should be seen as flexible guidelines rather than strict rules, and should be applied with care and understanding of the specific situation.