Management Chapter 1 & 3 Quiz

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Questions and Answers

Which disciplines contribute to the field of management?

  • Psychology, Sociology, Accounting (correct)
  • Physics, Chemistry, Biology
  • History, Geography, Literature
  • All of the above

Management is considered only a science and not an art.

False (B)

What is a key characteristic that makes management a social process?

It deals with people.

Management can be regarded as a ___________ because it includes specialized knowledge and ethical conduct.

<p>semi-profession</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does management require beyond understanding principles?

<p>Applied knowledge (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Management techniques are universally applicable across all cultures.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a major debate regarding the nature of management?

<p>Whether management is a science or an art.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements best reflects the nature of management?

<p>Management lacks internal consistency. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Management can be fully defined using the same principles that apply to natural sciences.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What term is used to describe management as a branch of social sciences rather than a pure science?

<p>Pseudo Science</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes management?

<p>A discipline and a process (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Management can only be defined as a factor of production according to economists.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Management includes various rules and principles, but they often lack __________ consistency.

<p>internal</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following terms with their characteristics:

<p>Physics = Consistent and universally defined Management = Ambiguous in meaning Chemistry = Defined laws and principles Social Sciences = Includes variable interpretations</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does management as a discipline focus on?

<p>The study of knowledge having well-defined concepts and principles.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Management involves various other disciplines such as economics, sociology, and __________.

<p>psychology</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role did Dhirubhai Ambani play in demonstrating management effectiveness?

<p>He effectively managed his organization without formal knowledge. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following approaches to their descriptions:

<p>Social Systems Approach = Focus on social dynamics within organizations Decision Theory Approach = Emphasizes decision-making processes Human Behaviour Approach = Studies human interactions in management Contingency Approach = Adapts management techniques to situations</p> Signup and view all the answers

Technical terms in management are always clear and consistent in meaning.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of these terms can not be used to describe management?

<p>Individual task management (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a key characteristic that differentiates management from pure sciences?

<p>Ambiguity in terms and principles</p> Signup and view all the answers

The universality of management implies that management principles apply in every organization regardless of size or type.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Name one of the functions of management according to the POSDCORB classification.

<p>Planning</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements best describes the nature of management?

<p>Management is both a science and an art. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Management requires formal training or a degree to practice.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a key characteristic that defines a profession?

<p>Existence of specialized knowledge.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Management is considered a profession because it involves a large amount of ______.

<p>specialized knowledge</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following occupational requirements to their professions:

<p>LLB student = Lawyer MBBS student = Doctor Chartered Accountant = Auditor Management Degree = Manager</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of a profession applicable to management?

<p>Formal educational requirement (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

To practice management, one must acquire formal knowledge of management.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Name a requirement that occupations claiming to be a profession must meet.

<p>Professional association.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT one of the steps in the management process?

<p>Market research (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Management techniques remain the same across all countries.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are management fundamentals?

<p>Basic principles and theories of management.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Cultural characteristics significantly affect people’s behavior and management being a ____________ process is highly influenced by these factors.

<p>people-oriented</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following management aspects to their characteristics:

<p>Management Fundamentals = Basic principles &amp; theories Management Techniques = Tools for performing functions Cultural Characteristics = Beliefs, attitudes, and values Management Practices = Application of theories in different contexts</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is an example of a reason why management practices might differ in various countries?

<p>Cultural differences (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The fundamental principles of management change significantly from one country to another.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Name one factor that can affect the application of management principles.

<p>Cultural characteristics.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which one of the following theories is associated with motivation in the workplace?

<p>Two Factor Theory (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The AIMA code of conduct provides guidelines for optimizing resources in management.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the two main parts into which the AIMA code of conduct is divided?

<p>The Basic Code and Guide to Good Management Practice</p> Signup and view all the answers

A manager should comply with ________ laws related to the management of his organization.

<p>Indian</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following management theories with their developers:

<p>Maslow = Hierarchy of Needs Herzberg = Two Factor Theory Douglas McGregor = Theory X and Theory Y Fiedler = Contingency Model</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to AIMA, who is primarily responsible to the organization?

<p>The manager (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Stakeholders have no expectations in return from the business.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary responsibility of a manager according to AIMA's guide to good management practice?

<p>To the organization</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Management as a discipline

Management is a field of study with established concepts, principles, rules, and definitions.

Management as a group

Management refers to the individuals responsible for managerial functions within an organization, excluding workers.

Management as a process

Management involves a series of functions needed for organizational operation.

Management's multifaceted nature

Management is a complex concept viewed differently based on the discipline or focus (economics, sociology, etc.).

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Management's disciplines

Management utilizes various fields of study like economics, psychology, and sociology.

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Difficulty in precise definition

Defining management precisely is challenging due to its diverse applications.

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Management as a Factor of Production

In economics, management is considered as a production input.

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Management as a Group of People

Management is the personnel responsible for directing organizational activities.

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Management is Multi-Disciplinary

Management uses knowledge from various fields like psychology, sociology, economics to understand and apply management concepts.

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Management as a Science

Management uses principles, rules, and theories, making it a systematic body of knowledge.

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Management as an Art

Management requires practical application of knowledge to achieve desired results; using knowledge & skill.

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Management is a social process

Management involves coordinating people to achieve organizational goals.

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Management (Universally applicable)

Management's fundamental principles are globally applicable, but specific techniques may vary.

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Management is a profession

Management can be considered a semi-profession because it involves specialized knowledge, an ethical code, and a professional organization (e.g. AIMA).

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Management is debatable

Discussions about the nature of management as science or art are complex.

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Management is both science and art

Management combines scientific principles with practical application and skills.

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Internal Consistency in Science

Scientific disciplines like physics or chemistry have consistent laws and rules that apply universally, unlike management, which can be influenced by context and situations.

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Ambiguity in Management Terms

Management terms often have various interpretations depending on the context, unlike scientific terms with clear and consistent definitions.

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Management as a Pseudo Science

Due to the lack of universal and consistent principles, management is often considered a pseudo-science, meaning it's not a pure science but has elements of scientific methods.

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Management as a Branch of Social Sciences

Management is closely related to social sciences like psychology, sociology, and economics because it deals with human behavior and interactions in organizations.

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Dhirubhai Ambani's Success

Mr. Ambani's success in management without formal education suggests that practical experience and intuition are crucial for effective leadership, even though management principles are important.

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Management: Art or Science?

The debate about whether management is an art or science highlights the importance of both practical skills and theoretical knowledge in effective leadership.

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Management Theories and Practice

The process of developing management theories is different from applying them in practice. It's important to adapt theoretical principles to specific contexts and situations.

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Management: Science or Art?

Management involves both scientific principles and artistic application. While there are established theories and methodologies, successful management requires creativity, intuition, and adaptability to unique situations.

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Applied Knowledge: Power?

The true power lies in applying knowledge, not just possessing it. Management is effective when theories and concepts are put into practice to achieve organizational goals.

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Specialized Knowledge in Management

Management requires a distinct body of knowledge encompassing theories, models, and techniques developed to effectively manage organizations.

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Formal Education for Management

While formal education like an MBA helps in management, it's not a mandatory requirement for every managerial position.

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Professional Association in Management

The existence of professional associations like the American Management Association signifies management's growing recognition as a profession.

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Purpose of a Profession

A profession serves the larger society with specialized skills and expertise, going beyond personal gain.

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Management's Evolving Nature

Management is constantly evolving as organizations and the world around them change, requiring continuous learning and adaptation.

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AIMA

The All India Management Association is a professional organization promoting and regulating management practices in India.

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Code of Conduct

A set of ethical guidelines for managers, outlining their responsibilities and expected behavior.

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Basic Code

The fundamental principles of ethical conduct for AIMA members, focusing on resource optimization, legal compliance, and professional reputation.

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Guide to Good Management Practice

AIMA's detailed guidelines for ethical management, emphasizing responsibility to the organization and stakeholders.

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Stakeholder

Any individual or group having a vested interest in the operations and success of a business, influencing decisions and expecting benefits.

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Optimize Resources

The ethical practice of managers to efficiently utilize available resources to maximize organizational goals.

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Follow Indian Laws

The ethical responsibility of managers to comply with all relevant Indian laws governing organizational operations.

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Maintain Professional Reputation

The ethical obligation of managers to uphold the integrity and positive image of the management profession.

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Management Functions

These refer to the activities managers perform to achieve organizational goals. They include planning, organizing, staffing, directing, coordinating, and controlling.

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What are management fundamentals?

These are the basic principles and theories of management that remain universal, meaning they apply across all organizations and cultures.

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Management Techniques

These refer to the specific methods and tools used to implement management functions. They can vary depending on the industry, culture, and specific challenges faced by an organization.

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Universality of Management

This concept states that while management fundamentals remain constant worldwide, the practices by which they are applied can differ due to specific circumstances and cultural influences.

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Culture's Impact on Management

Cultural values, beliefs, and attitudes significantly influence management practices because management ultimately involves dealing with people.

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How does culture affect management?

Culture influences the way people perceive authority, communication style, teamwork, decision-making, and the overall approach to work.

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Are Management Principles Universally Applicable?

Arguments against universality suggest that cultural differences, legal frameworks, and other factors can influence the effectiveness of certain management principles.

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Study Notes

Chapter 1: Nature & Scope of Management

  • Management is a discipline utilizing various fields (economics, sociology, psychology, etc.)
  • Defining management precisely is difficult due to diverse usage
  • Management is a factor of production (economics perspective)
  • A group of people (sociological perspective)

Four Definitions of Management

  • Management is what managers do (Louis Allan) - This is limited because it doesn't specify who is a manager
  • Four approaches to define management:
    • Production/Productivity/Efficiency: Knowing what to do and doing it best & cheapest
    • Decision Making: Controlling actions to achieve goals
    • People Oriented: Getting things done through people
    • Functions Oriented: Planning, organizing, staffing, directing, coordinating, motivating, supervising, controlling

Chapter 3: Characteristics / Features of Management

  • Management is intangible, its effects are felt (efficiency/effectiveness)
  • Management is goal-oriented, needing objectives
  • Management works with/through people
  • Decision-making is a crucial part of management
  • Managers need to make choices from available alternatives

Chapter 4: Management: Science, Art, or Both?

  • Management is a debatable topic, whether it's a science or an art.
  • Science Aspect: Systematized body of knowledge, rules, laws, principles
  • Art Aspect: Requires creativity, skill, and experience
  • Factors that demonstrate management is not a pure science include that:
    • Management principles are not internally consistent everywhere
    • Different meanings of management terms
    • Management effectiveness varies between location and repetitions

Chapter 5: Management as a Profession

  • Management can be considered a semi-profession, not fully
  • Professional characteristics (special expertise, code of conduct, service motive, association) are not always met by all managers

Chapter 6: Universality of Management

  • Fundamentals are universal, but the techniques and practices are not
  • Management knowledge can be transferred via various methods (e.g., managers from developed countries working in developing countries, study abroad students, etc.)
  • Arguments for universality: management as a process (planning, organizing, etc.) is universally applicable. Management fundamentals (principles) are universal
  • Arguments against universality: cultural characteristics (different cultures and behavioral implications), management philosophy (different organizational value systems)

Chapter 7: Various Approaches to Study Management

  • Social Systems Approach: Organizations are cultural systems with interdependent people working cooperatively to achieve objectives (Chester Barnard)
  • Decision Theory Approach (Herbert Simon). It highlights decision-making as the core function of management
  • Human Behavior Approach: Emphasizes human behavior and resources in management, including leadership, human resource aspects (needs, motivations)

Chapter 8: Code of Conduct (AIMA)

  • All India Management Association's (AIMA) code of conduct outlines expectations for managers towards various stakeholders (e.g., shareholders, employees, customers, suppliers, government, society)
  • Managers are responsible for:
    • Optimizing resource use to meet organizational objectives
    • Complying with relevant laws
    • Maintaining organizational reputation
    • Following good management practices (from AIMA's guidelines)

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