Management and Innovation Exam Review
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Questions and Answers

According to Gerard J. Tellis, what is a significant risk for successful firms?

  • Lack of financial resources for R&D
  • Inadequate market research
  • Overreliance on a single product
  • Being too complacent and blind to innovation opportunities (correct)
  • How does firm size impact R&D productivity according to the information provided?

  • R&D productivity declines with firm size (correct)
  • R&D productivity remains constant regardless of size
  • R&D productivity increases with firm size
  • R&D productivity is unrelated to firm size
  • What correlation exists between firm size and the number of innovations produced?

  • The number of innovations increases proportionately with firm size
  • Innovation is independent of firm size
  • The number of innovations increases less than proportionately with firm size (correct)
  • Larger firms innovate more successfully than smaller firms
  • What is one potential source of change that firms must constantly face?

    <p>Innovation in technology and consumer preferences (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of firms listed on the 1957 S&P 500 survived 50 years later?

    <p>16% (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the implication of the statistic that 1/3 of the Fortune 500 firms in 1970 had disappeared by 1983?

    <p>That the business landscape is very dynamic (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the first step in a firm's absorptive capacity process?

    <p>Acquisition (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to the definition of absorptive capacity, what is one of its components?

    <p>Exploitation (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes the transformation stage of absorptive capacity?

    <p>Combining existing knowledge with new knowledge (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does realized absorptive capacity refer to?

    <p>Value creation through a competitive advantage (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is NOT a part of the assimilation process in absorptive capacity?

    <p>Altering knowledge stock (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the first element of the strategy kernel as defined by Richard Rumelt?

    <p>A clear-eyed diagnosis of the challenge (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does Michael Porter define competitive strategy?

    <p>Choosing a different set of activities to deliver unique value (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a primary focus of the course according to the learning goals?

    <p>Analyzing value creation through innovation (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following learning goals involves protection mechanisms?

    <p>Capturing and protecting value from innovations (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes value creation in the context of strategy?

    <p>The ability to create value with innovations for stakeholders (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which lecturers are mentioned in the course administration?

    <p>Dr.Philip Steinberg and Dr.Vera Schweitzer (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is meant by 'value appropriation' in strategy?

    <p>The ability to capture the value of innovations (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to Alfred Chandler, how is strategy defined?

    <p>The determination of long-term goals and the adoption of action courses (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of markets is specifically mentioned in the learning goals for value creation?

    <p>Two-sided markets (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What concept is emphasized as a theoretical lens in the course?

    <p>Resource-based view (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What key question does effective strategy answer regarding innovation?

    <p>How to continue being innovative? (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a focus of competitive strategy?

    <p>Standardizing product offerings across markets (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a learning goal of the course?

    <p>Create marketing strategies for new products (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the total duration of the lecture sessions as planned for today?

    <p>4.5 hours (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What aspect helps firms to defend against competitors, according to the value system?

    <p>Reaping benefits from innovation (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which reading explores the dynamics of exploration and exploitation within organizations?

    <p>Lavie et al. (2010) (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary goal of creating an organizational context that enables organizational actors to situationally oscillate between exploitation and exploration?

    <p>To foster a balanced approach, leveraging both existing capabilities and new opportunities. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which ambidexterity approach involves resolving exploration-exploitation tensions through organizational structures?

    <p>Structural ambidexterity (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context of organizational ambidexterity, what does 'temporal separation' refer to?

    <p>Managing exploration and exploitation activities at different times. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a key characteristic of contextual ambidexterity?

    <p>It embeds exploration and exploitation within day-to-day operations, allowing individuals to switch between them. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to the paradox lens, Spatial separation relates to which management strategy?

    <p>Opposition (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to the paradox lens, Temporal separation relates to which management strategy?

    <p>Opposition (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to the paradox lens, Structural and Sequential ambidexterity relates to which management strategy?

    <p>Synthesis (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to the paradox lens, Contextual ambidexterity relates to which management strategy?

    <p>Acceptance (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential disadvantage of pursuing structural ambidexterity through structural separation within firm boundaries?

    <p>Expensive and limited ability to realize synergies across different units. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key advantage of achieving ambidexterity through external venturing and strategic alliances?

    <p>The core of the company can focus on exploitation, while explorative activities are nurtured outside the firm (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential pitfall of using strategic alliances to achieve organizational ambidexterity?

    <p>Limited control and difficulties to integrate explorative activities when successful (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following BEST describes a challenge associated with contextual ambidexterity?

    <p>Demanding for individuals who continuously need to switch between exploration and exploitation (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    An organization adopts a strategy where it partners with startups to explore new technologies while simultaneously focusing on improving the efficiency of its existing product lines. Which type of ambidexterity is the organization primarily using?

    <p>Structural Ambidexterity (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A company encourages its employees to spend 20% of their time working on innovative projects outside of their regular responsibilities, alongside optimizing their routine tasks. Which type of ambidexterity is the company primarily fostering?

    <p>Contextual Ambidexterity (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A manufacturing firm alternates between periods of intense process optimization to reduce costs and periods of dedicated research and development to create breakthrough products. Which type of ambidexterity is the firm implementing?

    <p>Sequential Ambidexterity (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Flashcards

    Resource-Based View (RBV)

    A theory suggesting that a firm's resources and capabilities are critical for achieving competitive advantage.

    Value Creation

    The process by which companies produce goods or services that are valuable to customers or markets, leading to profitability.

    Value Appropriation

    The methods through which firms capture a portion of the value they create, ensuring they benefit from their innovations.

    Innovation

    The introduction of new ideas, methods, or products that significantly improve or create value in a firm.

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    Formal Protection Mechanisms

    Legal strategies like patents and trademarks that safeguard a firm's intellectual property and innovations.

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    Informal Protection Mechanisms

    Non-legal strategies, such as trade secrets or brand reputation, that help firms maintain a competitive edge.

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    Two-Sided Markets

    A platform that connects two distinct user groups who provide each other with network benefits, like buyers and sellers.

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    Critical Discussion

    Engaging in evaluative conversation that examines various theoretical perspectives and their implications.

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    Electric Engine Hype

    The belief that electric engines are overhyped compared to fuel-injection engines, emphasizing lighter cars.

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    Innovation Paradox

    The idea that success can lead to complacency that hinders future innovations.

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    R&D and Firm Size

    Larger firms tend to invest more in R&D, but innovations grow less proportionally with size.

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    R&D Productivity

    Measured as innovative output over R&D expenditures, it declines as firms grow larger.

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    Sources of Change

    Elements that impact how firms adapt, such as market trends or technology advancements.

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    Kernel of Strategy

    The core elements defining effective strategy: diagnosis, guiding policy, actions.

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    Competitive Strategy

    A strategy that differentiates a business by choosing unique activities for value delivery.

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    Strategy Definition

    Determination of long-term goals and objectives, and how to achieve them.

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    Value Creation in Strategy

    The process of generating value for stakeholders through innovation.

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    Grading System

    The system of evaluation used in the course, including exams and bonus points.

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    Exam Format

    Individual written exam consisting of short answer and open essay questions.

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    Value Appropriation in Strategy

    The ability to capture and protect the value generated from innovations.

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    Innovative Relevance

    Continuously innovating to stay relevant and competitive in the market.

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    Bonus Points

    Extra points earned through group presentations, requiring passing the exam.

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    Self-organization of Groups

    Formation of study groups of 2-4 students via self-enrollment.

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    Appropriability

    A firm's capacity to capture and safeguard the value from its innovations.

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    Strategic Questions

    Key inquiries of a strategy: how to create and capture value?

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    Plagiarism Policy

    Strict prohibition of copying in group assignments; originality is essential.

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    Fortune 500 Lifespan

    The average lifespan of a Fortune 500 company and its survival rate over decades.

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    Survival Rate of S&P 500

    Only 16% of firms listed on the 1957 S&P 500 remained by 2007.

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    Fortune 500 Disappearance Rate

    1/3 of Fortune 500 firms from 1970 had vanished by 1983.

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    Absorptive Capacity

    A firm's ability to recognize, assimilate, and apply new external information for commercial purposes.

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    Acquisition

    The process of identifying and acquiring knowledge critical to operations from external sources.

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    Assimilation

    Analyzing and processing external information to comprehend and understand it effectively.

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    Transformation

    Combining new knowledge with existing knowledge to enhance understanding and capabilities.

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    Exploitation

    Incorporating and utilizing knowledge into organizational operations to improve performance.

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    Exploration-Exploitation Tension

    The dilemma organizations face between exploring new opportunities and exploiting existing capabilities.

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    Sequential Ambidexterity

    Resolving exploration-exploitation tensions over time by alternating focus between the two.

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    Structural Ambidexterity

    Resolving tensions by creating separate units for exploration and exploitation within the organization.

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    Contextual Ambidexterity

    Balancing exploration and exploitation by embedding both within day-to-day operations.

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    Paradox Management Strategies

    Four approaches that organizations use to manage contradictions like exploration-exploitation.

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    Spatial Separation

    A strategy where exploration and exploitation activities are conducted in different locations or units.

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    Temporal Separation

    A strategy that alternates between exploration and exploitation over different time periods.

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    Strategic Alliances

    Partnerships with other organizations to enhance exploration capabilities without internal resource strain.

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    Core Focus

    When a company centers its resources on maximizing its existing capabilities while exploring elsewhere.

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    Bottom-Up Approach

    An organizational strategy that encourages contributions and innovation from all levels of employees.

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    Demanding Nature of Contextual Ambidexterity

    The challenge for individuals to constantly shift between exploration and exploitation tasks effectively.

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    Synergies Across Units

    The potential benefits gained when different organizational units work together efficiently.

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    Integration Difficulties

    Challenges faced in combining successful explorative activities back into the core business.

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    Cost-Effectiveness Questioned

    Concerns about whether the benefits of a strategy justify its costs, particularly in ambidextrous setups.

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    Explorative Activities

    Innovative and risk-taking efforts aimed at developing new ideas or products.

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    Study Notes

    SM Strategic Development - Lecture 1 Notes

    • Course is WS 24/25, taught by Prof. Dr. Philip Steinberg
    • Lecture 1 agenda includes course administration, introduction & background, value creation in incumbent firms using RBV, and value creation in incumbent firms using organizational learning.
    • Scheduled lecture times are: 09.00 - 10.30, 10.45 - 12.15, and 13.00 - 14.30
    • Required readings include Priem and Butler (2001) and Lavie, Stettner, and Tushman (2010).
    • Lecturer contact details:
    • Course topics for this semester include innovation, value creation, and appropriation in incumbent firms.
    • The topics will be covered via lectures, readings, and exercises.
    • Important course information:
      • course schedule, including dates and locations of lectures and exercises
      • exam information, including dates, locations, and question types
      • open office hours, including times and meeting method
      • rules of the game (attendance, no recordings)
    • A class poll (http://pollev.com/pjsteinberg933) will be used to collect information from the students about their background and interests.
    • Topics for class discussion include:
      • Fortune 500 company lifespan probabilities
      • Percentage of 1957 S&P 500 firms that remained in 2007
      • Number of top 500 US firms in 1980 surviving in 2000
      • Average lifespan of Fortune 500 multinational firms (45 years).
    • Slides will be made available after each lecture.
    • There will be a written exam with short-answer and essay-type questions that will encompass relevant material:
      • Lectures, Exercises, Readings (including articles)
    • Students will also have the opportunity to take part in group presentations for bonus points if they pass their exam (maximum bonus of 0.7).
    • Group formation will take place on Wednesday 23rd October at 11.30 AM using Google Forms (link). Please self-enroll to form groups of 2 to 4.
    • General assignment requirements include attending the exercise next week.
    • There are no requirements for recordings of lectures or exercises.
    • Additional topics for further learning for the course include:
      • Value creation and appropriation
      • Different types of innovation
      • Internal and external organizational factors
    • Important topics to understand include:
      • How firms can remain relevant in the long-term
      • The concept of organizational inertia and how firms struggle to adapt
      • The framework of exploration and exploitation to facilitate innovation in firms
    • Concepts of "strategic valuable resources" for competitive edge (hard to copy, depreciates slowly), "value controlled by the company," and "not easily substituted," alongside relevant examples were discussed in lectures.
    • Examples of "good-practice" cases were covered (investing in valuable resources and upgrading resources to better suit the evolving environment)
    • Case studies covered include failed innovations like the Coors mineral water launch and Samsung's Galaxy Note 7.
    • Examples of strategic valuable resources were given (e.g. real estate location, brand names). The VRIO framework was also discussed as a tool to identify competitive advantages.
    • The concept of absorptive capacity from Cohen and Levinthal (1990) was covered, with a model from Zahra & George (2002) detailing a firm's knowledge stock as its capacity, alongside acquisition, assimilation, transformation, and exploitation processes.

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    Description

    This quiz focuses on key concepts related to management efficiency, R&D productivity, and the dynamics of firm survival. It includes insights from Gerard J. Tellis and explores the implications of firm size on innovation. Prepare for short answer questions and session rules pertaining to group presentations and individual assessments.

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