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Questions and Answers
Why is a grid not typically used in xeroradiography?
Why is a grid not typically used in xeroradiography?
- Because it is sensitive to high spatial frequency information
- Because the scatter radiation field is of high spatial frequency
- Because it is relatively insensitive to low spatial frequency information (correct)
- Because it is sensitive to low spatial frequency information
What type of tumors is film-screen imaging particularly useful for visualizing?
What type of tumors is film-screen imaging particularly useful for visualizing?
- Microcalcifications and masses with well-defined borders
- Subtle, soft tissue density tumors (correct)
- Masses with fine, radiating fibers
- All of the above
What is a convenience of viewing xeroradiographs?
What is a convenience of viewing xeroradiographs?
- They require localized 'bright-lighting' to view information in the darkest regions
- They require a magnifying lens to aid in visualizing fine structures
- They require low ambient light on a masked viewbox
- They can be viewed under normal room illumination conditions (correct)
What may vary locally and requires advice from colleagues?
What may vary locally and requires advice from colleagues?
Why may the downtime of an xeroradiographic processor be longer than that of a film development unit?
Why may the downtime of an xeroradiographic processor be longer than that of a film development unit?
What is a potential advantage of having multiple automatic film processors?
What is a potential advantage of having multiple automatic film processors?
How does the average glandular dose for non-grid film-screen imaging compare to that of the original xeroradiography system?
How does the average glandular dose for non-grid film-screen imaging compare to that of the original xeroradiography system?
What may bring the radiation doses from the two techniques closer together?
What may bring the radiation doses from the two techniques closer together?
What is a critical factor in producing high-quality mammograms with minimal radiation dose?
What is a critical factor in producing high-quality mammograms with minimal radiation dose?
What is a characteristic of xeroradiographic systems?
What is a characteristic of xeroradiographic systems?
What type of X-ray tube is typically used in film-screen mammography?
What type of X-ray tube is typically used in film-screen mammography?
What is the purpose of an antiscatter grid in film-screen mammography?
What is the purpose of an antiscatter grid in film-screen mammography?
What is a recommended view for xeroradiography?
What is a recommended view for xeroradiography?
What is a difference between film-screen and xeroradiographic systems?
What is a difference between film-screen and xeroradiographic systems?
What is the benefit of using a dual-screen image receptor with double-emulsion anti-crossover film?
What is the benefit of using a dual-screen image receptor with double-emulsion anti-crossover film?
Why is a grid frequently used in film-screen mammography?
Why is a grid frequently used in film-screen mammography?
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Study Notes
Mammography
- Mammography is a highly technically exacting radiographic procedure, requiring careful consideration of equipment, patient positioning, and imaging techniques to produce high-quality images at low radiation doses.
Film-Screen Mammography
- Typically uses a single, thin, highly-absorbing intensifying screen and a single-emulsion film.
- Recently, a dual-screen image receptor using double-emulsion anti-crossover film has been introduced.
- Antiscatter grids are widely used for film-screen mammography.
Xeroradiography
- Uses a more penetrating x-ray beam than film-screen mammography.
- Displays significant edge enhancement, providing high spatial resolution and imaging a wide dynamic range of tissue attenuation.
- Especially useful near the chest wall.
Choice of X-ray Equipment
- Xeroradiography: conventional small focus tungsten target tube with aluminum filter, conventional generator operating at 42-52 kVp.
- Film-screen systems: special thin window x-ray tube with molybdenum target and molybdenum filter, generator designed to operate at low kilovoltage (22-35 kVp).
Differences in Patient Positioning
- Film-screen mammography: craniocaudal and medio-lateral oblique views are recommended.
- Xeroradiography: craniocaudal and medio-lateral views are generally used.
- Grid is frequently used to improve contrast in film-screen mammography, but not in xeroradiography.
Differences in Diagnostic Image Quality
- Film-screen imaging: better images of subtle, soft tissue density tumors.
- Xeroradiography: edge-enhanced contrast useful for visualization of microcalcifications and masses with well-defined borders and/or fine, radiating fibers.
Considerations of Convenience and Personal Preference
- Viewing ease: xeroradiographs are viewed by reflected light under normal room illumination, convenient for referring clinicians.
- Film images require low ambient light on a masked viewbox to display subtle contrasts.
- Reliability: equipment reliability and downtime may vary for the two techniques.
Differences in Radiation Dose
- Average glandular dose for non-grid film-screen imaging: two to three times lower than for the original xeroradiography system.
- Increasing use of grids for film-screen imaging may bring the dose from the two techniques closer together when each system is used optimally.
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