Questions and Answers
Describe the hierarchy of the classification of mammals.
Domain: Eukarya, Kingdom: Animalia, Phylum: Chordata, Subclass: Vertebrata, Class: Mammalia.
What are the key features of all mammals?
Mammals have mammary glands, are endothermic, have hair/fur, an efficient 4-chambered heart, large brains, provide parental care (milk), and have specialized teeth.
What is the advantage of being endothermic?
Can internally regulate temperature, allowing survival in colder regions and providing a nourishing environment for live births.
What is the disadvantage of being endothermic?
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Briefly describe the evolution of mammals.
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From what ancestors did mammals evolve?
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What are a carnivore's teeth like?
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What are an omnivore's teeth like?
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What are a herbivore's teeth like?
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Name the different types of human teeth.
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Describe the cardiovascular system of mammals.
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How many bones are there in a mammal's middle ear?
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Mammals are the only animals that can sweat.
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All mammals sweat.
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Ancient mammals split into how many groups?
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What does Diapsid mean and what did it lead to?
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Give examples of modern diapsid animals.
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Give an example of an extinct diapsid animal.
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What does Synapsid mean and what did it lead to?
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Give examples of modern synapsid animals.
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Give an example of an extinct synapsid animal.
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What were the earliest synapsid animals?
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What was the second group of synapsids to evolve?
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What are the Monotremes?
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What mammal feature did monotremes have?
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What feature did monotremes have that were not mammal-like?
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Evolution of mammals: What happened to the bones in the jaw and face of mammals during evolution?
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How does the jaw bone of mammals differ from other vertebrates?
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Mammal diversity: How diverse and how many orders of mammals are there?
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Mammal diversity: How many Monotremes (Prototherians) mammal orders are there?
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Study Notes
Classification of Mammals
- Domain: Eukarya
- Kingdom: Animalia
- Phylum: Chordata
- Subclass: Vertebrata
- Class: Mammalia
Key Features of Mammals
- Possess mammary glands for nursing offspring
- Endothermic, allowing temperature regulation
- Covered with hair or fur
- Four-chambered heart for efficient circulation
- Relatively large brains compared to other animals
- Provide parental care, including feeding with milk
- Specialized teeth adapted to dietary needs
Advantages of Being Endothermic
- Can maintain stable body temperature internally
- Ability to thrive in colder environments
- Supports a nurturing environment for developing young
Disadvantages of Being Endothermic
- Requires constant energy to maintain body temperature
- High metabolic rate leading to need for continuous food intake
Evolution of Mammals
- Ancient reptiles divided into two main groups:
- Diapsids, leading to modern reptiles and birds (characterized by two skull holes)
- Synapsids, leading to mammals (characterized by one skull hole)
Types of Mammal Teeth
- Carnivores: Sharp canines and molars for tearing meat
- Omnivores: Versatile 'multi-purpose' teeth
- Herbivores: Flat grinding teeth or chisel-like teeth for plant material
Cardiovascular System
- Four-chambered heart structure
- Well-developed lungs facilitating gas exchange
- Complete separation of oxygenated and deoxygenated blood
Middle Ear Structure
- Mammals are unique among vertebrates with three bones in the middle ear.
Sweat and Thermoregulation
- Only mammals can sweat, serving as a thermoregulatory feature.
- Not all mammals have the ability to sweat, indicating variability in this trait.
Groups of Synapsids
- Earliest synapsids: Pelycosaurs, e.g., Dimetrodon, are ectothermic reptiles.
- Second group: Therapsids, displaying more mammalian characteristics.
Monotremes
- Ancient true mammals believed to be monotremes: warm-blooded but lay eggs.
- Unique feature of monotremes includes egg-laying, unlike typical mammals.
Jaw Bone Evolution
- Evolution led to a singular bone structure in the lower jaw of mammals.
- Small bones from the jaw adapted into the inner ear bones.
Diversity of Mammals
- Mammalian diversity is extensive, encompassing 29 recognized orders.
- Only one order exists for monotremes (Prototherians).
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Description
Test your knowledge about the classification and key features of mammals with these flashcards covering Chapter 25. Learn about the hierarchy, including domains and classes, and the unique characteristics that define mammals.