Mammalian Limb Locomotion Types Quiz

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What is the purpose of the clavicle in mammals?

To rotate the forelimbs backward

To brace the scapula against the sternum (correct)

To rotate the hind limbs forward

To increase the efficiency of the hind limbs

Which stance is used by early reptiles and today's lizards, turtles, and salamanders?

Fully-improved stance

Self-improved stance

Upright stance

Spreading stance (correct)

What skeletal elements are present in the forelimbs of all tetrapods?

Scapula, radius, ulna, carpals, and metacarpals

Clavicle, radius, ulna, carpals, metacarpals, and phalanges

Humerus, ulna, carpals, metacarpals, and phalanges

Humerus, radius, ulna, carpals, metacarpals, and phalanges (correct)

Which type of joint allows movement back and forth and up and down without rotation?

Saddle joint Signup and view all the answers

In mammals, what is the outcome of rotating the forelimbs backwards?

Elbows point to the rear Signup and view all the answers

Which animals use the fully-improved 'upright' stance?

Mammals and dinosaurs Signup and view all the answers

Which method of locomotion is characterized by the entire surface of the foot resting on the ground with each step?

Plantigrade Signup and view all the answers

In which group of ungulates are the digits 3 and 4 retained as functional digits?

Artiodactyls Signup and view all the answers

What type of foot structure do animals like cattle, goats, and pigs have due to bearing weight on two parallel axes?

Paraxonic foot Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following mammals exemplifies digitigrade locomotion?

Rabbit Signup and view all the answers

What is the term used to describe the walking style where animals bear weight on hoofs that are modified claws?

Unguligrade Signup and view all the answers

Which group of animals are known to have a mesaxonic foot structure in their limbs?

Horses, zebras, tapirs Signup and view all the answers

Which type of muscles allow side-to-side movement of the vertebral column and provide support and arching of the back in sea lions and walruses?

Epaxial muscles Signup and view all the answers

In which animals are the Hypaxial muscles crucial for supporting the abdomen, bending the vertebral column, and acting as the musculature of the tail?

Armadillos Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the Integumentary muscle known as arrector pili in sea lions and walruses?

Twitching the skin Signup and view all the answers

Which mammals have well-developed Mimetic muscles that are specialized for facial expressions?

Primates Signup and view all the answers

What skeletal element allows horses and cows to twitch their skin using a specific muscle?

Pectoral girdle Signup and view all the answers

What modification in the circulatory system of mammals that dive to great depth helps them withstand high pressure and provide oxygen underwater?

Right atrium wall incorporation of sinus venosus Signup and view all the answers