12 Questions
What specialized extracellular material is secreted by epithelial cells and connective tissue cells?
Basement membrane
In epithelial tissues, where are the most metabolically active cells typically located?
Close to the basement membrane
How do gases and nutrients reach the epithelial cells in avascular epithelia?
By diffusing across the basement membrane from blood vessels in connective tissues
In what type of glands do some epithelial tissues lack both free surfaces and basal surfaces with a basement membrane?
Endocrine glands
What allows adjacent epithelial cells to bind together?
Tight junctions and desmosomes
Which property allows epithelial cells to replace damaged cells with new ones?
Ability to undergo mitosis
What is the main function of muscular tissues in the body?
Contract to bring about movement
Which type of tissue covers the body and organ surfaces, and also forms glands?
Epithelial tissues
What is the function of nervous tissues in the body?
Initiate and transmit impulses
Which statement is true about connective tissues?
They include blood, cartilage, bone
What is histology the study of?
Tissues
Which type of tissue secretes an intercellular matrix that can be liquid, semi-solid, or solid?
Connective tissues
Study Notes
Epithelial Tissue
- Covers the body surface, lining of digestive tract, vessels, body cavities, and forms structures such as glands (e.g. salivary glands)
- Most epithelial tissues have one free surface not associated with other cells and a basal surface attached to a basement membrane
- Some epithelial tissues do not have a free surface or basal surface with a basement membrane (e.g. cells of some endocrine glands)
Characteristics of Epithelial Tissue
- Consists almost entirely of cells with little extracellular materials between them
- Specialized cell contacts such as tight junctions and desmosomes bind adjacent cells together
Basement Membrane
- A specialized type of extracellular material secreted by epithelial cells and connective tissue cells
- Blood vessels do not penetrate the basement membrane to reach the epithelium
- Gases and nutrients in the blood reach the epithelium by diffusing across the basement membrane from blood vessels in the underlying connective tissues
Epithelial Cell Function
- Cells die as they move further away from the basement membrane
- Cells close to the basement membrane are most metabolically active
- Epithelial cells retain the ability to undergo mitosis and replace damaged cells with new ones
- Epithelial cells can replace lost cells by cell division as long as they receive nutrients
Tissue Classification
- Tissues are classified into 4 main groups: epithelial, muscular, connective, and nervous tissues
- Epithelial tissues cover the body and organ surfaces, line body and lumen cavities, and form glands
- Muscular tissues contract to bring about movement
- Connective tissues include blood, cartilage, bone, cells of connective tissue proper, and their products
- Nervous tissues initiate and transmit impulses from one part of the body to another
Explore the important functions and processes within the mammalian body, focusing on cells and tissues. Learn about the relations of tissue structure to functions in the digestive, respiratory, cardiovascular, immune, and musculoskeletal systems. Identify associated malfunctions of these systems and delve into the definition and classification of tissues.
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