Questions and Answers
What is the classification of mammals?
Mammals are warm-blooded or ____.
endothermic
What is a disadvantage to endothermy?
constantly eating
What is an advantage to endothermy?
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What are adaptations of warm-blooded animals?
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To maintain the high metabolic rate necessary for endothermy, a mammal must eat ____ times as much as an ectothermic animal of the same size.
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Because they are endothermic, mammals can be ____.
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Mammals have a diaphragm which ____.
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What are the 3 purposes of body hair for a mammal?
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What is body hair made of?
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How many chambers in their heart do mammals have?
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A 4 chambered heart allows for ____.
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Pathway of blood through the heart and body of a mammal?
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Mammals nurse young with the milk from ____.
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What does oviparous mean?
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What does viviparous mean?
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Mammals have large, well developed ____.
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What does the cerebral cortex control?
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What does the cerebellum control?
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Mammals have a single lower jaw called the ____.
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What is the function of incisors and what animals are they important in?
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What is the function of canines and what animals are they important in?
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What is the function of premolars?
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What is the function of molars?
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Class Mammalia is divided into ____ major groups based on ____.
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Name the three groups of mammals.
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Monotremes example and description.
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Marsupial examples and description.
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For placentals, the young develop inside a sac-like organ called the ____.
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What does the placenta do?
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Placental mammals are ____ at birth.
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Gestation is the ____.
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Examples of gestation:
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Placental mammals are classified according to the ____ that help the animals live in their environment.
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There are ____ orders of placental mammals.
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Name the orders of class Mammalia in group Placentals that we learned.
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Order Chiroptera are capable of ____.
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Animals in order Chiroptera use ____ to hunt.
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Example of an animal in order Chiroptera.
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Which order is the largest in Class Mammalia?
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Adaptations in Order Rodentia.
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Study Notes
Classification of Mammals
- Kingdom: Animalia, Phylum: Chordata, Subphylum: Vertebrata, Class: Mammalia
- Mammals are classified based on how their young develop into three major groups: Monotremes, Marsupials, and Placentals.
Characteristics of Mammals
- Mammals are warm-blooded (endothermic), maintaining a constant internal body temperature.
- Endothermy allows mammals to be active both day and night.
- Disadvantage includes the need for frequent feeding; they must consume ten times more food than ectothermic animals of the same size.
- Adaptations include a four-chambered heart and body hair made of keratin, serving three main purposes: insulation, protection, and sensory functions.
- Mammals possess a diaphragm which aids in ventilation by increasing oxygen intake.
Anatomy of the Heart
- Mammals have a four-chambered heart, ensuring complete separation of oxygenated and deoxygenated blood.
- The blood circulates through a defined pathway: right atrium, right ventricle, pulmonary artery, lungs, pulmonary vein, left atrium, left ventricle, aorta, arteries, capillaries (gas exchange), veins, vena cava, back to the right atrium.
Reproductive Traits
- Mammary glands produce milk to nourish young.
- Oviparous mammals, such as the platypus, lay eggs, while viviparous mammals give birth to live young.
- Gestation varies significantly across species; for example, rats have a two-week gestation period, while elephants have one of 1.5 years.
- The placenta provides nourishment and removes waste for developing young in placentals.
Adaptations and Brain Development
- Mammals are characterized by a well-developed brain, particularly the cerebral cortex (memory, thought, creativity) and cerebellum (senses, balance).
- Mammals possess a singular lower jaw, known as the mandible, aiding in food processing and consumption.
Dental Adaptations
- Different types of teeth serve specific functions:
- Incisors cut and tear food, critical in herbivores like beavers and rabbits.
- Canines impale and puncture, prominent in carnivores such as dogs.
- Premolars and molars are designed for chewing and grinding.
Groups of Mammals
- Monotremes: Egg-laying mammals (e.g., platypus, echidna).
- Marsupials: Young develop in a pouch post-birth (e.g., kangaroo, possum, koalas).
- Placentals: Young are born fully developed after an extended gestation period, with 18 classified orders including Chiroptera (bats) and Rodentia (rodents, the largest order).
Orders of Mammals
- Order Chiroptera: Capable of powered flight and utilize echolocation for hunting.
- Order Rodentia: Adapted for gnawing with large incisors, encompassing a wide variety of species.
Conclusion
- The class Mammalia exhibits a diverse range of life forms with complex adaptations that facilitate survival in various environments.
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Description
Test your knowledge on the classification and characteristics of mammals with this flashcard quiz. Understand concepts like endothermy, advantages and disadvantages of being warm-blooded, and adaptations specific to mammals. Perfect for biology students and enthusiasts alike!