Mammal Phylogeny Quiz (Chapter 4)

Questions and Answers

Which of these options correctly represent subclasses of the class Mammalia?

Theria (correct)

Eutheria

Metatheria

Protheria (correct)

Which infraclasses fall under the subclass Theria?

Monotremata

Metatheria (correct)

Eutheria (correct)

Marsupionta

What subclass do monotremes and marsupials belong to?

Marsupionta

Which subclass does the order Monotremata belong to?

Prototheria Signup and view all the answers

What are the two extant suborders of the Order Monotremata?

Platypoda and Tachyglossa Signup and view all the answers

Family and genus of the platypus?

Ornithorhynchidae, Ornithorhynchus Signup and view all the answers

Family and genus of the echidna?

Tachyglossidae, Tachyglossus and Zaglossus Signup and view all the answers

What subclass and infraclass do marsupials fall under?

Subclass Theria, Infraclass Metatheria Signup and view all the answers

The anatomical term for the pouch is ____.

marsupium Signup and view all the answers

List the seven orders below Infraclass Metatheria.

Didelphimorphia, Paucituberculata, Microbiotheria, Dasyuromorphia, Peramelemorphia, Notoryctemorphia, Diprotodontia Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the superorder that includes all Metatheria orders except Didelphimorphs?

Australidelphia Signup and view all the answers

Infraclass: Eutheria is also known as ____.

Placentalia Signup and view all the answers

Which type of mammals are described as the most successful and widely distributed infraclass?

Eutherian Signup and view all the answers

Eutherians give live birth.

True Signup and view all the answers

Eutherians generally have higher and more complex .

metabolism, social behavior Signup and view all the answers

What are the four superorders organized from the 20 orders of eutherians?

Afrotheria, Xenartha, Euarchontoglires, Laurasiatheria Signup and view all the answers

Which orders were previously grouped under Insectivora?

Afrosoricida and Eulipotyphla Signup and view all the answers

List the 7 extant orders of the superorder Afrotheria.

Tubulidentata, Afrosoricida, Eulipotyphla, Macroscelidea, Hyracoidea, Proboscidea, Sirenia Signup and view all the answers

List the 2 extant orders of the superorder Xenartha.

Cingulata, Pilosa Signup and view all the answers

List the 5 extant orders of the superorder Euarchontoglires.

Rodentia, Lagomorpha, Dermoptera, Scandentia, Primates Signup and view all the answers

List the 5 extant orders of the superorder Laurasiatheria.

Chiroptera, Pholidota, Carnivora, Cetatriodactyla, Perissodactyla Signup and view all the answers

What are the two previously separated orders that now constitute Cetatriodactyla?

Artiodactyla and Cetacea Signup and view all the answers

Some classification schemes place Cetatriodactyla and Perissodactyla into the clade _____.

Euungulata Signup and view all the answers

Some schemes place the orders Pholidota and Carnivora into the clade _____.

Ferae Signup and view all the answers

Mammals evolved from a group of reptiles called _____.

Synapsids Signup and view all the answers

Synapsid reptiles were distinguished by only having one pair of .

temporal fossae Signup and view all the answers

What group of synapsids evolved from the Carboniferous period?

Pelycosaurs Signup and view all the answers

What do we call the group around 275 million years ago that includes several synapsid advancements?

Therapsids Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Phylogeny and Diversification of Mammals

Mammalia is divided into two subclasses: Protheria (monotremes) and Theria (all other mammals).
Theria is further classified into two infraclasses: Metatheria (marsupials) and Eutheria (placentals).
Marsupionta suggests a sister group relationship between marsupials and monotremes, separating them from eutherians.
Prototheria encompasses the order Monotremata, which includes monotremes like the platypus and echidna.
The Order Monotremata has two extant suborders: Platypoda (platypus) and Tachyglossa (echidna).
The family of platypus includes Ornithorhynchidae and the genus Ornithorhynchus, which has species like Ornithorhynchus anatinus.
Echidnas belong to the family Tachyglossidae, including genera Tachyglossus and Zaglossus.
Marsupials fall under subclass Theria and infraclass Metatheria.
The anatomical term for the pouch in marsupials is marsupium.
Infraclass Metatheria includes seven orders: Didelphimorphia, Paucituberculata, Microbiotheria, Dasyuromorphia, Peramelemorphia, Notoryctemorphia, and Diprotodontia.
Superorder Australidelphia comprises all Metatheria orders except Didelphimorphia, originally from South America and underwent adaptive radiation in Australia.
Eutheria, also known as Placentalia, represents the subclass and infraclass of placental mammals, which are viviparous.
Eutherians are successful, found on every continent, differing from monotremes by giving live birth.
Key differences between Eutherians and Metatheria include presence of placenta, higher metabolism, greater intelligence, and more complex social behavior.
Molecular phylogenetics divides Eutherians into four superorders, each originating from distinct regions: Afrotheria (Africa), Xenartha (South America), Euarchontoglires (Northern continents), Laurasiatheria (Northern continents).
The order Insectivora previously encompassed both Afrosoricida and Eulipotyphla.
Superorder Afrotheria contains seven extant orders: Tubulidentata (aardvark), Afrosoricida (tenrecs), Eulipotyphla (shrews), Macroscelidea (elephant shrews), Hyracoidea (hyraxes), Proboscidea (elephants), Sirenia (manatees).
Superorder Xenartha includes two extant orders: Cingulata (armadillos) and Pilosa (sloths).
Superorder Euarchontoglires contains five extant orders: Rodentia (rodents), Lagomorpha (rabbits), Dermoptera (colugos), Scandentia (tree shrews), and Primates (apes).
Superorder Laurasiatheria consists of five extant orders: Chiroptera (bats), Pholidota (pangolins), Carnivora (cats and dogs), Cetatriodactyla (whales and cows), Perissodactyla (horses).
Cetatriodactyla is a new order formed from the merger of two previously separate orders: Artiodactyla (even-toed ungulates) and Cetacea (whales and dolphins).
Some classification schemes combine Cetatriodactyla and Perissodactyla into the clade Euungulata.
Orders Pholidota and Carnivora may be grouped in the clade Ferae.
Mammals evolved from a group of reptiles known as Synapsids.
Synapsid characteristics include one pair of temporal fossae on the skull, allowing muscle attachment.
Pelycosaurs were one group of synapsids that evolved during the Carboniferous period.
Therapsids are another synapsid group that appeared around 275 million years ago in the early Permian.

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Test your knowledge on the phylogeny and diversification of mammals with these flashcards. Explore the classifications like Protheria, Theria, Metatheria, and Eutheria, and enhance your understanding of mammalian evolution.