Malnutrition Conditions in West Africa
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Questions and Answers

What are proteins primarily composed of?

  • Lipids
  • Amino acids (correct)
  • Nucleic acids
  • Carbohydrates
  • How many standard amino acids are proteins composed of?

  • 20 (correct)
  • 30
  • 10
  • 5
  • What determines the specific function of each protein?

  • The DNA it is encoded by
  • The number of amino acids it contains
  • Its unique structure (correct)
  • Its size in terms of molecules
  • From how many L-α-amino acids are proteins synthesized?

    <p>20</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which biomolecules are regarded as the 'building blocks of proteins'?

    <p>Amino acids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What elements are amino acids composed of?

    <p>Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, Nitrogen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which condition results from a child being weaned onto a starchy diet poor in protein in certain regions of West Africa?

    <p>Kwashiorkor</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of Marasmus?

    <p>Lack of calories and general nutrients</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which amino acids are considered hydrophobic?

    <p>Glycine and Alanine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which part of a protein are hydrophobic amino acids most likely to be found?

    <p>Core/Interior</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main reason why hydrophobic amino acids are not soluble in water?

    <p>Their R groups lack charged atoms to form hydrogen bonds</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key characteristic of Kwashiorkor?

    <p>Swollen ankles and belly due to edema</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many amino acids are typically linked together in proteins?

    <p>100 to 10,000</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of glycosylation involves the attachment of sugar to a nitrogen atom of an Asparagine residue?

    <p>N-linked glycosylation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the classification based on the number of amino acids in a chain for dipeptides?

    <p>2 amino acids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of amino acid is always in the L-conformation in proteogenic amino acids?

    <p>L-amino acids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which amino acids contain a polar -OH group that can serve as a phosphorylation site?

    <p>Ser, Thr, &amp; Tyr</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which type of glycosylation is the sugar molecule attached to an oxygen atom of a Serine or Threonine residue?

    <p>O-linked glycosylation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term used for the two non-superimposable/mirror images of molecules with four different groups arranged around the central atom?

    <p>Enantiomers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of Ser, Thr, & Tyr amino acids in biological processes?

    <p>Phosphorylation sites</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which amino acids are considered nutritionally essential?

    <p>Histidine, Leucine, Methionine, Threonine, Valine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where are D-amino acids found naturally?

    <p>Brain tissue and cell walls of some bacteria</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which amino acids are important components of the active sites of enzymes like Chymotrypsin?

    <p>Ser, Thr, Tyr</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the 3-letter abbreviation for Glutamic acid/Glutamate?

    <p>Glu</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main reason why Glycine is considered very unreactive when incorporated into proteins?

    <p>The multiple possible angles of rotation due to its 'fake' R group</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which amino acid contributes greatly to the sharp bends or kinks in the peptide chain of a protein?

    <p>Proline</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is Proline important for the structure of collagen?

    <p>Its peculiar structure contributes to the final structure of the protein</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which amino acids are hydrophobic, nutritionally essential, and have a branched hydrocarbon R group?

    <p>Leucine &amp; Isoleucine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of Glycine in the biosynthesis of Ser and heme?

    <p>Contributes to the biosynthesis of Ser and heme</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is Glycine unfavorable in some protein structures?

    <p>Because of its optically inactive nature</p> Signup and view all the answers

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