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Questions and Answers
What is the main function of the secretory phase in the female reproductive cycle?
What is the main function of the secretory phase in the female reproductive cycle?
What happens to the corpus luteum if fertilization does not occur?
What happens to the corpus luteum if fertilization does not occur?
Which hormone is responsible for halting the menstrual cycle after fertilization?
Which hormone is responsible for halting the menstrual cycle after fertilization?
During which phase of the female reproductive cycle does the stratum functionalis develop?
During which phase of the female reproductive cycle does the stratum functionalis develop?
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What marks the beginning of the secretory phase in a typical 28-day cycle?
What marks the beginning of the secretory phase in a typical 28-day cycle?
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What initiates the recruitment of primordial follicles to grow during the follicular phase?
What initiates the recruitment of primordial follicles to grow during the follicular phase?
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Which of the following correctly describes the changes that occur during ovulation?
Which of the following correctly describes the changes that occur during ovulation?
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What is the primary hormone produced by the corpus luteum during the luteal phase?
What is the primary hormone produced by the corpus luteum during the luteal phase?
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What characterizes the graafian follicle in the ovarian cycle?
What characterizes the graafian follicle in the ovarian cycle?
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Which phase of the uterine cycle involves the degeneration and shedding of the stratum functionalis?
Which phase of the uterine cycle involves the degeneration and shedding of the stratum functionalis?
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During which phase of the ovarian cycle do oocytes undergo maturation within ovarian follicles?
During which phase of the ovarian cycle do oocytes undergo maturation within ovarian follicles?
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What is the role of estradiol during the first half of the ovarian cycle?
What is the role of estradiol during the first half of the ovarian cycle?
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What composes the outermost layer of the uterus?
What composes the outermost layer of the uterus?
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What is the correct order of stages in fetal development?
What is the correct order of stages in fetal development?
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During which stage does the zygote develop into a blastocyst?
During which stage does the zygote develop into a blastocyst?
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At what point does the embryo officially become a fetus?
At what point does the embryo officially become a fetus?
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Which germ layer is responsible for developing the epidermis of the skin?
Which germ layer is responsible for developing the epidermis of the skin?
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What is NOT a function of the placenta?
What is NOT a function of the placenta?
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Which primary germ layer develops into cartilage and bone?
Which primary germ layer develops into cartilage and bone?
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What develops during the third week of gestation?
What develops during the third week of gestation?
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What structure is formed by the embryonic chorion and uterine tissue?
What structure is formed by the embryonic chorion and uterine tissue?
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What marks the beginning of the menstrual phase in the uterine cycle?
What marks the beginning of the menstrual phase in the uterine cycle?
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During which phase does the dominant follicle emerge?
During which phase does the dominant follicle emerge?
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What occurs in the uterus during the secretory phase of the uterine cycle?
What occurs in the uterus during the secretory phase of the uterine cycle?
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What hormone primarily stimulates ovulation?
What hormone primarily stimulates ovulation?
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Which structure is formed if fertilization does not occur?
Which structure is formed if fertilization does not occur?
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What role does progesterone play in the female reproductive cycle?
What role does progesterone play in the female reproductive cycle?
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What typically triggers the secretion of GnRH during the preovulatory phase?
What typically triggers the secretion of GnRH during the preovulatory phase?
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How long does the postovulatory phase typically last?
How long does the postovulatory phase typically last?
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What is the primary function of relaxin in the menstrual cycle?
What is the primary function of relaxin in the menstrual cycle?
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What occurs to the endometrium during the proliferative phase?
What occurs to the endometrium during the proliferative phase?
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What percentage of semen volume is contributed by the seminal vesicles?
What percentage of semen volume is contributed by the seminal vesicles?
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Which structure is primarily responsible for testosterone production in the testis?
Which structure is primarily responsible for testosterone production in the testis?
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What is the final stage in spermatogenesis where spermatids mature into sperm?
What is the final stage in spermatogenesis where spermatids mature into sperm?
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Which component in seminal fluid aids in the coagulation of semen within the female reproductive tract?
Which component in seminal fluid aids in the coagulation of semen within the female reproductive tract?
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What is the primary role of Sertoli cells in the testis?
What is the primary role of Sertoli cells in the testis?
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What occurs during capacitation of sperm?
What occurs during capacitation of sperm?
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How many haploid gametes are produced from one spermatogonium after meiosis?
How many haploid gametes are produced from one spermatogonium after meiosis?
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Which hormone is primarily stimulated by GnRH and directly influences the production of sperm?
Which hormone is primarily stimulated by GnRH and directly influences the production of sperm?
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During male gamete formation, the term for the stages from spermatogonia to spermatozoa is referred to as:
During male gamete formation, the term for the stages from spermatogonia to spermatozoa is referred to as:
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What substance in the prostate contributes to its slightly acidic pH?
What substance in the prostate contributes to its slightly acidic pH?
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What happens to most oocytes produced before birth in females?
What happens to most oocytes produced before birth in females?
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What triggers hyperactivation during sperm capacitation?
What triggers hyperactivation during sperm capacitation?
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What is the nature of the fluid secreted by the bulbourethral gland?
What is the nature of the fluid secreted by the bulbourethral gland?
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What is the total number of oocytes that typically mature and are ovulated during a woman’s reproductive life?
What is the total number of oocytes that typically mature and are ovulated during a woman’s reproductive life?
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Study Notes
Male Reproductive Tract
- Composed of testes, ducts, accessory sex glands, and supporting structures like the penis and scrotum
- Testes produce sperm (male gametes)
- Ducts store and transport sperm
- Accessory sex glands provide fluids for semen
- Supporting structures help with reproductive processes
Accessory Sex Gland Secretions
- Seminal vesicles contribute ~60% semen volume, producing viscous fluid with fructose (fuel for ATP), prostaglandins (sperm motility/viability), and fibrinogen (semen coagulation).
- Prostate contributes ~25% semen volume, secreting thin fluid with slightly acidic pH (due to citric acid for ATP), proteolytic enzymes, and seminalplasmin (antibiotic).
- Bulbourethral glands (Cowper's gland) produce mucus-like fluid to protect sperm from urine acids.
Internal Anatomy of a Testis
- Testes contain seminiferous tubules for sperm production
- Sertoli cells support sperm development.
- Leydig cells produce testosterone.
Spermatogenesis
- Spermatogonia, the male germ cells, convert into specialized, motile sperm (spermatozoa) through two stages of meiosis and spermiogenesis.
- Meiosis involves two rounds of cell division to produce four haploid gametes (sperm).
- This process halves the chromosome number to 23 in humans.
Spermatogenesis Results
- Spermatids differentiate into mature sperm, which have a head (containing the nucleus and acrosome), midpiece (with mitochondria), and tail (for motility).
- Acrosome aids penetration of the egg.
- Sperm maturation within female reproductive tract, called capacitation, ensures proper functionality.
- Spermiation is the release of mature spermatozoa into the seminiferous tubule lumen.
Hormonal Control of Male Gamete Formation
- At puberty, increased GnRH triggers LH and FSH.
- LH stimulates testosterone production by Leydig cells
- Testosterone promotes the final stages of spermatogenesis
- FSH enhances spermatogenesis by stimulating ABP production (androgen-binding protein).
- Testosterone also inhibits LH release, while sertoli cells release inhibin, which reduces FSH release.
Female Reproductive Organs and Tract
- Ovaries produce female gametes (oocytes)
- Oviducts (fallopian tubes) transport oocytes for fertilization
- Uterus provides a site for implantation and fetal development
- Cervix is the lower portion of the uterus and connected to the vagina
- Vagina is the birth canal
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Description
Explore the male reproductive system, including the structure and function of the testes, ducts, accessory glands, and supporting structures. Learn about the components of semen, the role of different glands, and the process of spermatogenesis. This quiz provides insights into male reproductive anatomy and physiology.
