L1. Histology - Male Reproductive System

<p>Sperm maturation (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The seminal vesicle has secretory glands (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Spermatids (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Fructose (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>First meiotic division (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It relaxes the smooth muscle by increasing cGMP production. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Acetylcholine (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It breaks down cGMP, reducing smooth muscle relaxation. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>By enhancing the action of cGMP through preventing its breakdown. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Increased blood flow through the helicine arteries. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Simple cuboidal epithelium (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To transport spermatozoa (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>At the ends of seminiferous tubules (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Efferent ductules (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Intrateesticular duct system (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Mediastinum testis (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It is simple cuboidal (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Testicular fluid (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The immune system may identify sperm proteins as foreign. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>65-75 days (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Spermatogonial, Spermatocyte, and Spermatid (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Secrete mucous (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Corpus spongiosum (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Divide mitotically to produce more Type Ad or Type Ap. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Stratified or pseudostratified columnar (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They are found near the basal lamina. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Lacunæ (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They differentiate into mature sperm. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Tunica albuginea (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Ad, Ap, and B spermatogonia (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Penile urethra (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Meiotic divisions reduce the DNA content. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Provide structural support (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Glands of Littré (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It condenses and elongates. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It consists of mitochondria wrapped around the axoneme. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It is extruded into a residual body. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>By their small, dense triangular head. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They remain stagnant and cannot fertilize. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Flow of fluid secreted by Sertoli cells. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Straight tubules. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They provide nutrients and support for developing sperm. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The testes are considered an exocrine gland due to their production and secretion of sperm, which are released into the duct system for external transport.

The process of sperm cell formation, involving a series of cell divisions and transformations from spermatogonial cells to mature spermatozoa.

Special cells within the seminiferous tubules that support and nurture developing sperm cells. They are responsible for providing nutrients, growth factors, and other essential components for spermatogenesis.

The initial stage of spermatogenesis where spermatogonial cells undergo mitotic divisions, increasing their number and preparing for further development.

Round spermatids, the first stage after meiosis, undergo a series of transformations to develop the distinct head, midpiece, and tail of mature sperm.

The first meiotic division (reductional division) of the spermatocyte phase reduces the chromosome number from diploid to haploid, ensuring that each sperm cell receives a single set of chromosomes.

The second meiotic division (equatorial division) of the spermatocyte phase ensures that each sperm cell receives a complete set of genetic information, even though they have half the original number of chromosomes.

The epididymis is a coiled tube where sperm cells mature and gain the ability to fertilize an egg. Principal cells of the epididymal duct play a crucial role in this process, providing nourishment, removing waste products, and aiding in the development of sperm's motility.

The process of sperm cell formation involving a series of cell divisions and transformations from spermatogonial cells to mature spermatozoa.

Changes in the morphology of the nucleus during the acrosome phase results in the formation of the late (elongated) spermatids. The small dense triangular head of the late or elongated spermatids makes them easy to recognize. They are often located very close to the lumen of the seminiferous tubules.

The late (elongated) spermatid is shed from the seminiferous epithelium to become a sperm (spermatozoan).

The process of mitochondria migrating to the initial portion of the axoneme adjacent to the neck to form a spiral wrapping to constitute the "middle piece" of the spermatozoan.

Although morphologically mature, the newly-shed sperm are nonmotile and incapable of fertilization.

Spermatozoa are moved passively along the seminiferous tube lumen by the flow of the fluid secreted by the Sertoli cells and by contractions of the myoid cells of the tunica propria.

The fluid secreted by the Sertoli cells that moves sperm along the seminiferous tube lumen.

Contractions by the myoid cells of the tunica propria, which help move the sperm cells along the seminiferous tube lumen.

Spermatocytes are germ cells that undergo meiotic divisions during the spermatocyte phase, reducing the chromosome number by half to produce haploid cells.

Type Ad spermatogonia are the stem cells of spermatogenesis. They divide by mitosis to produce either more type Ad cells or type Ap spermatogonia.

Type Ap spermatogonia are derived from type Ad cells and continue to divide by mitosis, ultimately leading to the formation of type B spermatogonia.

Type B spermatogonia are the final type of spermatogonia. They undergo further divisions to produce primary spermatocytes.

These are tiny tubes located at the ends of the seminiferous tubules where they connect with the mediastinum testis.

A network of interconnected channels within the connective tissue mediastinum testis.

The epithelial lining of the straight tubules and rete testis is similar and helps transport sperm efficiently.

The straight tubules and rete testis work together to move sperm from the seminiferous tubules to the epididymal duct.

These ducts connect the rete testis to the epididymis.

The efferent ductules are formed by the merging of the rete testis.

The straight tubules and rete testis are involved in transporting sperm from the seminiferous tubules to the epididymal duct.

The fluid within the straight tubules and rete testis helps in transporting sperm by moving them along the ducts.

Sildenafil citrate, a phosphodiesterase inhibitor, prevents the breakdown of cGMP, allowing smooth muscle relaxation and increased blood flow to the penis, leading to an erection.

Nitric oxide (NO) is released from the endothelium of the erectile tissue, causing smooth muscle relaxation and increased blood flow, leading to an erection.

Acetylcholine, a neurotransmitter released by parasympathetic nerves in the penis, triggers the production of nitric oxide (NO), which leads to smooth muscle relaxation and an erection.

Cyclic GMP (cGMP) relaxes the smooth muscle of the erectile tissue, increasing blood flow and leading to an erection.

The enzyme phosphodiesterase breaks down cGMP, leading to smooth muscle contraction and decreased blood flow, contributing to the termination of an erection.

The bulbourethral glands are small, pea-sized glands located in the urogenital diaphragm (area between the pelvic floor and the penis). They produce a clear, viscous fluid that is secreted into the urethra during sexual arousal, prior to ejaculation.

The penile urethra is the final portion of the male urethra that travels through the penis and opens at the external urethral orifice.

The penis is made up of three cylindrical structures: two corpora cavernosa (dorsal cylinders) and one corpus spongiosum (ventral cylinder). These erectile tissues contain spaces that fill with blood during arousal, causing the penis to become erect.

The tunica albuginea is a tough, fibrous layer surrounding the cylinders of erectile tissue in the penis. It helps maintain the shape of the penis and contains blood vessels and nerves.

The male urethra has three main parts: prostatic, membranous, and penile. The penile urethra is contained within the corpus spongiosum, the ventral cylinder of the penis.

The lining of the penile urethra can vary in appearance but is often stratified or pseudostratified columnar epithelium. This means it consists of multiple layers of cells.

Glands of Littré are small, mucous-secreting glands that are found lining the urethra. They help lubricate the urethra during urination and sexual activity.

Erectile tissue is found in the penis and is composed of two main components: trabeculae and lacunae. The trabeculae are a network of connective tissue and smooth muscle, while the lacunae are spaces lined with endothelium (inner layer of blood vessels).