L1. Histology - Male Reproductive System
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Questions and Answers

Which structure in the male reproductive system is classified as an exocrine gland?

  • Seminal vesicle
  • Testis (correct)
  • Ductus deferens
  • Epididymal duct

    • What is the role of the Sertoli cell within the seminiferous tubule?

  • Transporting sperm
  • Secreting testosterone
  • Spermatogenesis
  • Nourishing spermatogenic cells (correct)

    • Which phase of spermatogenesis involves the first meiotic division?

  • Spermatid phase
  • Spermatogonial phase
  • Spermatocyte phase
  • Primary spermatocyte phase (correct)

    • What is the primary function of the epididymal duct's principal cells?

    <p>Sperm maturation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the histology of the ampulla of the ductus deferens compare to that of the seminal vesicle?

    <p>The seminal vesicle has secretory glands</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of cells are located at the adluminal compartment created by Sertoli cells?

    <p>Spermatids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the major secretory molecule produced by the seminal vesicle?

    <p>Fructose</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which component is involved in establishing haploid gametes during spermatogenesis?

    <p>First meiotic division</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role does nitric oxide (NO) play in the mechanism of producing an erection?

    <p>It relaxes the smooth muscle by increasing cGMP production.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which neurotransmitter is involved in the initial signal that leads to the production of nitric oxide in the erectile tissue?

    <p>Acetylcholine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of phosphodiesterase on cGMP in the context of erectile dysfunction?

    <p>It breaks down cGMP, reducing smooth muscle relaxation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do phosphodiesterase inhibitors, such as sildenafil citrate, assist men with erectile dysfunction?

    <p>By enhancing the action of cGMP through preventing its breakdown.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What physiological change occurs when cGMP levels are increased in the smooth muscle of the erectile tissue?

    <p>Increased blood flow through the helicine arteries.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of epithelium lines the straight tubules?

    <p>Simple cuboidal epithelium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the straight tubules and the rete testis?

    <p>To transport spermatozoa</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where are the intratesticular ducts located?

    <p>At the ends of seminiferous tubules</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What structure does the rete testis merge to form?

    <p>Efferent ductules</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of channel system is the rete testis classified as?

    <p>Intrateesticular duct system</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the connective tissue surrounding the rete testis known as?

    <p>Mediastinum testis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of these is true about the epithelial lining of the rete testis?

    <p>It is simple cuboidal</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which fluid is responsible for moving sperm through the ducts?

    <p>Testicular fluid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens if the Sertoli-Sertoli cell junctions are compromised?

    <p>The immune system may identify sperm proteins as foreign.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How long does spermatogenesis take to complete in humans?

    <p>65-75 days</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the three phases of spermatogenesis?

    <p>Spermatogonial, Spermatocyte, and Spermatid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the bulbourethral glands?

    <p>Secrete mucous</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which portion of the penis contains the urethra?

    <p>Corpus spongiosum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of Type Ad spermatogonia?

    <p>Divide mitotically to produce more Type Ad or Type Ap.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of epithelium is commonly found in the male urethra?

    <p>Stratified or pseudostratified columnar</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic feature of all spermatogonia?

    <p>They are found near the basal lamina.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the vascular spaces in erectile tissue called?

    <p>Lacunæ</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement best describes the differentiating function of spermatids?

    <p>They differentiate into mature sperm.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which structure surrounds the cylinders of erectile tissue in the penis?

    <p>Tunica albuginea</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of cells can be classified as spermatogonia?

    <p>Ad, Ap, and B spermatogonia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where do the ducts of the bulbourethral glands open?

    <p>Penile urethra</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What occurs during the spermatocyte phase of spermatogenesis?

    <p>Meiotic divisions reduce the DNA content.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the trabecculae in erectile tissues?

    <p>Provide structural support</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the glands that secrete mucous in the male urethra called?

    <p>Glands of Littré</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What structural change occurs to the nucleus during the acrosome phase of sperm development?

    <p>It condenses and elongates.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characterizes the middle piece of the spermatozoan?

    <p>It consists of mitochondria wrapped around the axoneme.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to the excess cytoplasm during the maturation phase of sperm development?

    <p>It is extruded into a residual body.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How are late spermatids typically recognized?

    <p>By their small, dense triangular head.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the status of newly shed spermatozoa immediately after they are released?

    <p>They remain stagnant and cannot fertilize.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What aids in the movement of spermatozoa within the seminiferous tubules?

    <p>Flow of fluid secreted by Sertoli cells.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which structure is the first component of the excretory duct system?

    <p>Straight tubules.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the Sertoli cells in relation to sperm?

    <p>They provide nutrients and support for developing sperm.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Male Reproductive System

    • Testes: Classified as an exocrine gland by morphology and secretion
      • Covered by coverings, lobular organization, and interstitium
      • Contains an endocrine component
      • Seminiferous tubules are the histological organization
      • Sertoli cells create basal and adluminal compartments in the seminiferous epithelium
      • Sertoli cells have functions
    • Spermatogenic cells: Involved in spermatogenesis
      • Spermatogonial cells: Location, function, and histology
      • Primary spermatocytes: Location and histology; first meiotic division (reductional)
      • Second meiotic division (equatorial) of spermatocyte phase, role in establishing haploid gametes
      • Spermatids: DNA, chromosome content, location and histology of round/elongated spermatids, Golgi, cap, acrosome, and maturational phases
    • Excretory Ducts of the Male Reproductive System:
      • Straight tubules: Location, histological features, and function
      • Rete testis: Location, histological features, and function
      • Efferent ductules: Location, histological features, and function
      • Epididymal duct: Location, histological features, function of principal cells
      • Ductus deferens: Histological features
      • Ampulla function, comparison with seminal vesicles
    • Accessory Glands of the Male Reproductive System:
      • Seminal vesicle: Histological organization, typical secretory epithelium classification, major secretory molecules
      • Prostate gland: Organization, secretory epithelium, secretions and function
      • Role of testosterone in accessory gland function
    • Penis: Microanatomy and function
      • Histological organization of corpora cavernosa, corpus spongiosum and penile urethra
      • Connective tissue and vascular components of erectile (cavernous) tissues
    • Testes (Detailed):
      • Endocrine gland (Leydig cells) producing testosterone
      • Exocrine organ producing spermatozoa
      • A compound tubular gland utilizing a holocrine mechanism
      • Surrounded by the tunica albuginea, with an inner layer, the tunica vasculosa
      • Posteriorly thickened into the mediastinum testis, the connective tissue creating lobules, each containing seminiferous tubules.
    • Sertoli Cells:
      • Columnar epithelium stretching from the basal lamina to the lumen
      • Indistinct plasma membrane boundaries, indented, vesiculated nucleus, and prominent nucleolus
      • Create microenvironments for spermatogenic cell development
    • Spermatogenesis:
      • Spermatogonial phase: Production of spermatocytes from spermatogonial cells (gonial cells) - 3 main types Ad (dark), Ap (pale) and B
      • Spermatocyte phase: Meiotic divisions of spermatocytes, reducing DNA to one copy per cell
    • Spermatid Phase:
      • Undifferentiated cells undergoing biochemical and morphological changes (spermiogenesis)
      • Golgi, cap, acrosome, and maturation stages
        • Acrosomal vesicle production
        • Tail formation, nuclear condensation
      • Mitochondria migration
      • Extrusion of residual body
      • Efferent ductules: Passageway from rete testis to epididymis; Facilitate sperm movement
      • Epididymis: Sperm storage; Important in maturation
      • Ductus deferens: Transport sperm; Muscular walls
      • Seminal vesicles: Secrete majority of semen volume, e.g., fructose; Produce prostaglandins, proteins, bicarbonate
      • Prostate, seminal vesicles and bulbourethral glands: Important for sperm motility and nutrition
      • Penis: Consists of erectile tissue (corpora cavernosa and corpus spongiosum); Urethra runs through; Enables copulation.

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