Male Reproductive System Overview

Male gonads that produce sperm and testosterone.

Coiled structures in the testes where sperm are made (spermatogenesis).

Coiled tube where sperm mature and are stored after leaving the testes.

Tube that carries sperm from epididymis to ejaculatory duct.

Glands producing a portion of seminal fluid (semen), rich in fructose.

Female gonads producing eggs (ova) and hormones (estrogen & progesterone).

Pathway for eggs from ovaries to uterus.

Male sex hormone, regulates sperm production and male characteristics.

Strong, dense connective tissue that provides support and structure to the body.

Flexible connective tissue that provides cushioning and support in joints.

Dense, hard bone that forms the outer layer of bones.

Porous bone found in the ends of bones, containing red marrow for blood cell production.

The functional unit of compact bone, containing layers of bone matrix and a central canal for blood vessels and nerves.

Layers of bone matrix that surround the central canal of an osteon.

Mature bone cells that maintain the bone matrix.

Process of bone formation where hyaline cartilage is replaced with bone.

A bone-forming cell that creates and secretes bone matrix.

A bone-resorbing cell that breaks down bone tissue and releases minerals.

Growth plate located in the ends of long bones, responsible for bone lengthening.

The central part of the skeleton, including the skull, vertebral column, and rib cage.

The limbs, shoulder girdle, and pelvic girdle, which are attached to the axial skeleton.

The nervous system is responsible for communication, coordination, homeostasis, response, and cognition.

A specialized cell that transmits electrical signals throughout the nervous system.

A membrane in the inner ear that allows fluid displacement in the cochlea, enabling sound transmission and pressure equalization.

A tube connecting the middle ear to the nasopharynx, helping to equalize air pressure on both sides of the tympanic membrane.

A series of interconnected cavities within the temporal bone filled with perilymph fluid.

The fluid surrounding the membranous labyrinth in the inner ear, providing cushioning and support.

A set of fluid-filled sacs and ducts located inside the bony labyrinth, containing endolymph fluid.

The fluid within the membranous labyrinth that maintains the electrochemical environment for sensory cells.

Part of the inner ear responsible for hearing, converting sound vibrations into neural signals.

Parts of the inner ear involved in balance and spatial orientation.

Part of the inner ear containing structures that contribute to balance.

The structure within the cochlea containing hair cells, which transform sound waves into electrical impulses.

The pathway electrical impulses travel from the hair cells in the cochlea to the brain via the vestibulocochlear nerve.

Cranial Nerve VIII that transmits sound and balance information from the inner ear to the brain.

Voluntary muscle tissue, striated, with multiple nuclei, responsible for voluntary movements.

Involuntary, striated muscle tissue, typically with one or two nuclei, found only in the heart.

Involuntary, non-striated muscle tissue, single nucleus, found in the walls of organs and blood vessels.

A neuron that connects sensory and motor neurons within the central nervous system (CNS), enabling processing and reflex actions.

A neuron that transmits signals from the CNS to effector organs, such as muscles and glands.

The central nervous system consists of the brain and the spinal cord.

The largest part of the brain, responsible for higher-level functions such as thinking, learning, memory, and voluntary movement.

Located at the back of the brain, it coordinates voluntary movements, balance, and posture.

Connects the cerebrum and cerebellum to the spinal cord, controlling vital functions like breathing, heart rate, and sleep.

The cerebrum is divided into two halves, known as the left and right hemispheres, each responsible for different functions.

A thick band of nerve fibers connecting the two hemispheres, facilitating communication and coordination between them.

The cerebrum is divided into four lobes: frontal, parietal, temporal, and occipital, each having distinct functions.

Deep grooves or valleys in the brain.

Gyri are ridges, and sulci are grooves on the brain's surface, increasing the surface area for more brain cells.

The outer layer of the cerebrum, composed of gray matter, responsible for higher brain functions such as thought, perception, and voluntary movement.

Located deep within the cerebral hemispheres, they are involved in regulating voluntary motor control, procedural learning, and emotional responses.

A region of the brain located between the cerebrum and brainstem, containing structures like the thalamus, hypothalamus, and epithalamus.

A relay station for sensory information, directing it to the appropriate areas of the cerebrum.

Controls vital functions like body temperature, hunger, and thirst.

Finger-like projections at the end of the fallopian tubes that help guide the egg from the ovary.

Tubes that transport the ova from the ovaries to the uterus; site of fertilization.

The upper rounded portion of the uterus.

The main part of the uterus.

The lower, narrow part of the uterus that opens into the vagina.

The muscular layer of the uterus.

The inner lining of the uterus that thickens in preparation for a potential pregnancy.

The canal that connects the external genitals to the uterus.

Glands that provide lubrication to the vaginal opening.

Channels that carry milk from the lobules to the nipple.

The pigmented area surrounding the nipple.

The fatty tissue over the pubic bone.

An erectile structure rich in nerve endings, important for sexual arousal.

The opening for urine.

The inner folds of skin that protect the vaginal and urethral openings.

The opening to the vagina.

The outer folds of skin that enclose and protect the other external structures.

Sensory receptors for pain and temperature located throughout the body.

Sensitive to light touch; found in the dermal papillae of the skin.

Respond to sustained pressure and skin stretch; located in the deeper layers of the skin.

Sensitive to deep pressure and vibration; found in the dermis, subcutaneous tissue, and some organs.

Sensitive to light pressure and cold; found in the mucous membranes.

Located in tendons; sense changes in muscle tension.

Located within skeletal muscles; detect changes in muscle length (stretch).

The white outer layer of the eye; provides structure and protection.

The vascular layer between the sclera and retina; provides nutrients and absorbs light.

Contains muscles that adjust the lens for focusing.

The colored part of the eye; controls the size of the pupil and thus the amount of light entering the eye.

A transparent structure that changes shape to focus light onto the retina.

The innermost layer containing photoreceptor cells that convert light into neural signals.

The space between the cornea and the iris filled with aqueous humor (clear fluid that maintains intraocular pressure).

The space behind the iris and in front of the lens, also filled with aqueous humor.

A gel-like substance filling the space between the lens and the retina; helps maintain the shape of the eye.

The point where the optic nerve exits the eye; also known as the blind spot because it lacks photoreceptors.

Transmits visual information from the retina to the brain.

A single layer of pigmented cells that absorb excess light and prevent scattering.

Rods (sensitive to low light) and cones (sensitive to color and detail).

Transmit signals from photoreceptors to ganglion cells.

Receive signals from bipolar cells and send them to the brain via the optic nerve.

Rods are responsible for vision in dim light; cones are responsible for color vision and detail.

The central area of the retina with a high concentration of cones, responsible for sharp central vision.

The central pit in the macula that provides the clearest vision.

The visual cortex is located in the occipital lobe of the brain. It processes visual information received from the optic nerve and is crucial for interpreting sight.

Responsible for balance and spatial orientation.

Collects and directs sound waves.

Transmits sound vibrations from the eardrum to the inner ear.

Contains the cochlea and vestibular system, responsible for hearing and balance.

The external part of the ear, made of flexible cartilage covered by skin. It has a distinctive shape with curves and folds (concha) that help direct sound waves into the external auditory canal.

A tube-like structure that extends from the auricle to the tympanic membrane (eardrum). It is approximately 2.5 cm long and has a slight S-shaped curve, lined with skin that contains glands producing earwax (cerumen).

A thin membrane that vibrates in response to sound waves, transmitting vibrations to the ossicles.

Attached to the tympanic membrane; transmits vibrations to the incus.

Connects the malleus to the stapes; further transmits vibrations.

The smallest bone in the body; transmits vibrations to the oval window of the cochlea.

A membrane-covered opening to the cochlea that receives vibrations from the stapes and transmits them into the fluid of the inner ear.