30 Questions
Leydig cells produce testosterone in response to follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH).
False
Sertoli cells form a blood-testis barrier with tight junctions.
True
Seminal vesicles secrete fluids that are rich in citric acid.
False
The prostate gland is located anterior to the bladder and surrounds the prostatic urethra.
True
Bulbourethral glands contribute approximately 75% of the seminal fluid volume.
False
The bulbourethral glands are located on the posterior surface of the urinary bladder.
False
Bulbourethral glands produce a thick, alkaline fluid.
False
The epididymis is the site where sperm are produced.
False
The rete testis is located in the anterior portion of the testis.
False
The duct system begins in the epididymis and ends in the urethra.
False
The bulbourethral glands contribute more than 5% of the semen volume.
False
The epididymis is responsible for the maturation of sperm.
True
The ovaries produce sperm.
False
The ovarian medulla is the outer layer of the ovary.
False
Ovaries are responsible for producing estrogen and progesterone.
True
Fallopian tubes are responsible for producing ova.
False
The ovarian cortex is the inner region of the ovary.
False
Ovulation is the release of a mature egg from the uterus.
False
The fallopian tube's infundibulum captures the ovum released from the uterus during ovulation.
False
The ampulla is the section of the fallopian tube where the fertilized egg is transported towards the uterus.
True
Temporary increases in testosterone levels can be caused by viewing sexual stimuli, including pornography, in men only
False
The isthmus is the widest segment of the fallopian tube.
False
Excessive pornography use can contribute to erectile dysfunction in women
False
The uterus is primarily responsible for producing eggs during ovulation.
False
The fundus is the lower part of the uterus that extends into the vagina.
False
Pornography use can influence sexual attitudes and behaviors in only one partner in a relationship
False
The mucosa layer of the vagina wall is made up of columnar epithelial cells.
False
The ovaries are part of the female reproductive system
True
The prostate gland is part of the female reproductive system
False
The human reproductive system is only responsible for producing hormones
False
Study Notes
Male Reproductive System
- Sertoli cells: support and nourish spermatogenic cells, phagocytose degenerating cells, form a blood-testis barrier with tight junctions, and regulate spermatogenesis and testosterone levels
- Interstitial space: located between seminiferous tubules, contains Leydig cells
- Leydig cells: produce testosterone in response to luteinizing hormone (LH), crucial for developing male secondary sexual characteristics and supporting spermatogenesis
Accessory Sex Glands
- Seminal vesicles:
- Structure: paired glands that are thick and viscous
- Location: on the posterior surface of the urinary bladder, lateral to the ampulla of the ductus deferens
- Functions: contribute approximately 75% of the seminal fluid volume, secretions are rich in fructose, and mix with sperm during ejaculation to aid sperm
- Prostate gland:
- Structure: a walnut-sized gland made up of muscular and glandular tissues with three concentric layers of 30–50 tubuloalveolar glands
- Location: centrally located anterior to the rectum, inferior to the bladder, surrounding the prostatic urethra
- Functions: contributes 20–30% of the seminal fluid, secretions contain mucin and citric acid, and are slightly acidic to neutralize the alkalinity of seminal vesicle fluid
- Bulbourethral glands (Cowper's glands):
- Structure: small, paired glands producing a thick, salty fluid
- Location: in the urogenital diaphragm on either side of the membranous urethra
- Functions: contribute less than 5% of the semen volume, secrete fluid upon sexual arousal and shortly before ejaculation, and lubricate the spongy urethra and the vagina to facilitate the passage of semen
System of Ducts
- Rete testis:
- Location: posterior portion of the testis, within the mediastinum testis
- Function: receives sperm from the seminiferous tubules and transports it to the efferent ducts
- Efferent ducts:
- Function: connect the rete testis to the epididymis, allowing sperm to travel and begin maturation
- Epididymis:
- Structure: consists of a head, body, and tail
- Functions: storage and maturation of sperm
Female Reproductive System
- Uterus:
- Main parts: fundus, body, and cervix
- Functions: hosts and supports fetal development during pregnancy
- Vagina:
- Wall layers: mucosa (inner layer), made up of squamous epithelial cells, keeps the vaginal environment moist and protects against infections by maintaining an acidic pH
- Functions: connects the cervix to the outside of the body and acts as a birth canal
Ovaries
- Structure: almond-shaped, located on either side of the uterus
- Main parts: ovarian cortex and ovarian medulla
- Functions: produce ova (eggs) and secrete hormones such as estrogen and progesterone
- Ovarian cortex:
- Functions: follicle development, hormone production
- Ovarian medulla:
- Functions: composed mostly of connective tissue and blood vessels
Fallopian Tubes
- Structure: connect the ovaries to the uterus
- Functions: transport ova from the ovaries to the uterus and provide the site for fertilization
Learn about the functions of Sertoli cells, Leydig cells, and accessory sex glands in the male reproductive system. Understand their roles in spermatogenesis, testosterone production, and male secondary sexual characteristics.
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