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Questions and Answers
Leydig cells produce testosterone in response to follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH).
Leydig cells produce testosterone in response to follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH).
False
Sertoli cells form a blood-testis barrier with tight junctions.
Sertoli cells form a blood-testis barrier with tight junctions.
True
Seminal vesicles secrete fluids that are rich in citric acid.
Seminal vesicles secrete fluids that are rich in citric acid.
False
The prostate gland is located anterior to the bladder and surrounds the prostatic urethra.
The prostate gland is located anterior to the bladder and surrounds the prostatic urethra.
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Bulbourethral glands contribute approximately 75% of the seminal fluid volume.
Bulbourethral glands contribute approximately 75% of the seminal fluid volume.
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The bulbourethral glands are located on the posterior surface of the urinary bladder.
The bulbourethral glands are located on the posterior surface of the urinary bladder.
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Bulbourethral glands produce a thick, alkaline fluid.
Bulbourethral glands produce a thick, alkaline fluid.
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The epididymis is the site where sperm are produced.
The epididymis is the site where sperm are produced.
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The rete testis is located in the anterior portion of the testis.
The rete testis is located in the anterior portion of the testis.
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The duct system begins in the epididymis and ends in the urethra.
The duct system begins in the epididymis and ends in the urethra.
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The bulbourethral glands contribute more than 5% of the semen volume.
The bulbourethral glands contribute more than 5% of the semen volume.
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The epididymis is responsible for the maturation of sperm.
The epididymis is responsible for the maturation of sperm.
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The ovaries produce sperm.
The ovaries produce sperm.
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The ovarian medulla is the outer layer of the ovary.
The ovarian medulla is the outer layer of the ovary.
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Ovaries are responsible for producing estrogen and progesterone.
Ovaries are responsible for producing estrogen and progesterone.
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Fallopian tubes are responsible for producing ova.
Fallopian tubes are responsible for producing ova.
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The ovarian cortex is the inner region of the ovary.
The ovarian cortex is the inner region of the ovary.
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Ovulation is the release of a mature egg from the uterus.
Ovulation is the release of a mature egg from the uterus.
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The fallopian tube's infundibulum captures the ovum released from the uterus during ovulation.
The fallopian tube's infundibulum captures the ovum released from the uterus during ovulation.
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The ampulla is the section of the fallopian tube where the fertilized egg is transported towards the uterus.
The ampulla is the section of the fallopian tube where the fertilized egg is transported towards the uterus.
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Temporary increases in testosterone levels can be caused by viewing sexual stimuli, including pornography, in men only
Temporary increases in testosterone levels can be caused by viewing sexual stimuli, including pornography, in men only
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The isthmus is the widest segment of the fallopian tube.
The isthmus is the widest segment of the fallopian tube.
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Excessive pornography use can contribute to erectile dysfunction in women
Excessive pornography use can contribute to erectile dysfunction in women
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The uterus is primarily responsible for producing eggs during ovulation.
The uterus is primarily responsible for producing eggs during ovulation.
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The fundus is the lower part of the uterus that extends into the vagina.
The fundus is the lower part of the uterus that extends into the vagina.
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Pornography use can influence sexual attitudes and behaviors in only one partner in a relationship
Pornography use can influence sexual attitudes and behaviors in only one partner in a relationship
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The mucosa layer of the vagina wall is made up of columnar epithelial cells.
The mucosa layer of the vagina wall is made up of columnar epithelial cells.
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The ovaries are part of the female reproductive system
The ovaries are part of the female reproductive system
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The prostate gland is part of the female reproductive system
The prostate gland is part of the female reproductive system
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The human reproductive system is only responsible for producing hormones
The human reproductive system is only responsible for producing hormones
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Study Notes
Male Reproductive System
- Sertoli cells: support and nourish spermatogenic cells, phagocytose degenerating cells, form a blood-testis barrier with tight junctions, and regulate spermatogenesis and testosterone levels
- Interstitial space: located between seminiferous tubules, contains Leydig cells
- Leydig cells: produce testosterone in response to luteinizing hormone (LH), crucial for developing male secondary sexual characteristics and supporting spermatogenesis
Accessory Sex Glands
- Seminal vesicles:
- Structure: paired glands that are thick and viscous
- Location: on the posterior surface of the urinary bladder, lateral to the ampulla of the ductus deferens
- Functions: contribute approximately 75% of the seminal fluid volume, secretions are rich in fructose, and mix with sperm during ejaculation to aid sperm
- Prostate gland:
- Structure: a walnut-sized gland made up of muscular and glandular tissues with three concentric layers of 30–50 tubuloalveolar glands
- Location: centrally located anterior to the rectum, inferior to the bladder, surrounding the prostatic urethra
- Functions: contributes 20–30% of the seminal fluid, secretions contain mucin and citric acid, and are slightly acidic to neutralize the alkalinity of seminal vesicle fluid
- Bulbourethral glands (Cowper's glands):
- Structure: small, paired glands producing a thick, salty fluid
- Location: in the urogenital diaphragm on either side of the membranous urethra
- Functions: contribute less than 5% of the semen volume, secrete fluid upon sexual arousal and shortly before ejaculation, and lubricate the spongy urethra and the vagina to facilitate the passage of semen
System of Ducts
- Rete testis:
- Location: posterior portion of the testis, within the mediastinum testis
- Function: receives sperm from the seminiferous tubules and transports it to the efferent ducts
- Efferent ducts:
- Function: connect the rete testis to the epididymis, allowing sperm to travel and begin maturation
- Epididymis:
- Structure: consists of a head, body, and tail
- Functions: storage and maturation of sperm
Female Reproductive System
- Uterus:
- Main parts: fundus, body, and cervix
- Functions: hosts and supports fetal development during pregnancy
- Vagina:
- Wall layers: mucosa (inner layer), made up of squamous epithelial cells, keeps the vaginal environment moist and protects against infections by maintaining an acidic pH
- Functions: connects the cervix to the outside of the body and acts as a birth canal
Ovaries
- Structure: almond-shaped, located on either side of the uterus
- Main parts: ovarian cortex and ovarian medulla
- Functions: produce ova (eggs) and secrete hormones such as estrogen and progesterone
- Ovarian cortex:
- Functions: follicle development, hormone production
- Ovarian medulla:
- Functions: composed mostly of connective tissue and blood vessels
Fallopian Tubes
- Structure: connect the ovaries to the uterus
- Functions: transport ova from the ovaries to the uterus and provide the site for fertilization
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Description
Learn about the functions of Sertoli cells, Leydig cells, and accessory sex glands in the male reproductive system. Understand their roles in spermatogenesis, testosterone production, and male secondary sexual characteristics.
