42 Questions
What is the shape of the prostate gland?
Pyramidal
Which zone of the prostate gland borders the bladder and has the ejaculatory ducts traverse through it?
Central zone
What blood vessels supply the prostate and the seminal vesicles?
Inferior vesical artery
Which part of the prostate may obstruct the urinary flow due to enlargement?
Transitional zone
What is the alkaline pH of semen?
7.8
Which gland contributes the least to the production of semen?
Cowper glands
Where are the secretions of the seminal vesicle drained?
Ejaculatory duct
Which muscles support the prostate gland?
Obturator internus and levator ani muscles
What is the normal value for prostatic specific antigen (PSA) used for cancer screening?
Below 4 ng/ml
Which zone in the prostate is the most anterior?
Fibromuscular zone
What is the process called when the prostate enlarges with aging?
Benign hypertrophy
Where is Denonvilliers’ fascia located?
Between the prostate gland and the anterior wall of the rectum
What provides better detail on the prostate and seminal vesicles?
Transrectal scanning
At what location does the ejaculatory duct join the urethra?
Verumontanum, located at the center of the prostate
What is the normal length of a seminal vesicle?
5 cm
What is the normal width of a prostate gland?
4 cm
What divides the scrotum externally and internally?
Median raphe and tunica dartos
What is the endocrine function of the testis?
Secretion of testosterone by Leydig cells
What structures does each compartment of the scrotum contain?
Testicle, epididymis, vas deferens, spermatic cord
Where are sperm cells produced in the testicle?
Seminiferous tubules
What is the most common cancer found in a patient with cryptorchidism?
Seminoma
What congenital deformity has a predisposition to testicular torsion?
Bell clapper deformity
At what age is testicular torsion most common?
12-18 years
What is the most common cause of acute testicular pain in adults?
Epididymitis
What is Klinefelter syndrome?
A condition with an extra X chromosome (47, XXY)
What features are characteristic of Klinefelter syndrome?
Small testicles, infertility, gynecomastia, long legs, and low intelligence
A patient presents with a painless scrotal mass and elevated hCG levels. What is the most likely diagnosis?
Seminoma
A sonogram revealed a heterogeneous mass within the scrotum that demonstrates peristalsis. What pathology does this describe?
Inguinal hernia
What is the shape of the prostate gland?
Pyramidal (cone-shaped)
Which blood vessels supply the prostate and the seminal vesicles?
Inferior vesical artery, middle rectal artery, and internal pudendal artery
What is the echogenicity of the prostate gland compared with the seminal vesicle?
Prostate gland is more echogenic than the seminal vesicle
Which zone of the prostate gland may obstruct urinary flow due to enlargement?
Transitional zone
Where is Denonvilliers’ fascia located?
Between the prostate gland and the anterior wall of the rectum
What is the normal value for prostatic specific antigen (PSA) used for prostatic cancer screening?
Below 4 ng/ml
At what location does the ejaculatory duct join the urethra?
Verumontanum, located at the center of the prostate
Which part of the prostate may obstruct urinary flow due to enlargement?
Transitional zone
What provides better detail on the prostate and seminal vesicles?
Transrectal scanning
What blood vessels supply the prostate and seminal vesicles?
Internal iliac artery branches
What is Klinefelter syndrome?
A genetic condition characterized by XXY karyotype in males
What structures does each compartment of the scrotum contain?
Testes and epididymis in each compartment
Where are sperm cells produced in the testicle?
Seminiferous tubules
What is benign hypertrophy related to?
Enlargement of prostate with aging
Study Notes
Anatomy & Physiology of Male Reproductive System
- Semen is produced from 4 glands: testes (5%), Cowper glands (5%), prostate gland (30%), and seminal vesicles (60%)
- Semen has an alkaline pH of about 7.8 and contains fructose secreted from the seminal vesicles
- Secretions of the seminal vesicle are drained by the ejaculatory duct
- Denonvilliers’ fascia is located between the prostate gland and the anterior wall of the rectum
- The prostate gland is supported by the obturator internus and levator ani muscles
- The ejaculatory duct joins the urethra at the verumontanum, located at the center of the prostate
- The central zone is located posterior to the periurethral region in the prostate
- The fibromuscular zone is the most anterior zone in the prostate, while the peripheral zone is the most posterior
- The prostate enlarges with aging, a process called benign hypertrophy
- Prostatic specific antigen (PSA) is used for prostatic cancer screening, with a normal value below 4 ng/ml
- Transrectal scanning provides better detail on the prostate and seminal vesicles, while transabdominal scanning is preferred for prostatic measurements
- A normal prostate measures 3.8 cm length, 4 cm width, and 3 cm thickness (AP), while a normal seminal vesicle measures 5 cm in length and 1 cm in diameter
Anatomy & Physiology of Male Reproductive System
- Semen is produced by 4 glands: testes (5%), Cowper glands (5%), prostate gland (30%), and seminal vesicles (60%)
- Semen is alkaline with a pH of about 7.8, and fructose is secreted by the seminal vesicles
- The ejaculatory duct drains the secretions of the seminal vesicle
- Denonvilliers’ fascia is located between the prostate gland and the anterior wall of the rectum
- The prostate gland is supported by the obturator internus and levator ani muscles
- The ejaculatory duct joins the urethra at the verumontanum, located at the center of the prostate
- The central zone is located posterior to the periurethral region in the prostate
- The most anterior zone in the prostate is the fibromuscular zone, and the most posterior zone is the peripheral zone
- The prostate size enlarges with aging, a process called benign hypertrophy
- Prostatic specific antigen (PSA) is used for prostatic cancer screening, with a normal value below 4 ng/ml
- Transrectal scanning is preferred for better detail on the prostate and seminal vesicles, while transabdominal scanning is preferred for prostatic measurements
- The normal prostate size is 3.8 cm length, 4 cm width, and 3 cm thickness (AP), and the normal seminal vesicle measures 5 cm in length and 1 cm in diameter
Test your knowledge of the male reproductive system's anatomy and physiology with this quiz. Explore key details about semen production, prostate gland, ejaculatory duct, and more. Ideal for students, medical professionals, and anyone interested in male reproductive health.
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