⁨أسئلة الثانية أناتومي ثانية Repro - Male Genital Tract  ⁩
48 Questions
0 Views

Choose a study mode

Play Quiz
Study Flashcards
Spaced Repetition
Chat to Lesson

Podcast

Play an AI-generated podcast conversation about this lesson

Questions and Answers

Which of the following structures contributes directly to the formation of the corpus spongiosum?

  • Bulb of penis (correct)
  • Crura of penis
  • Ischio-cavernosus muscle
  • Deep artery of the penis

If a patient experiences damage to the internal pudendal artery, which of the following structures would be least affected in terms of arterial supply?

  • Cremaster muscle (correct)
  • Scrotum
  • Crura of penis
  • Bulb of penis

A patient undergoing a surgical procedure on the scrotum experiences nerve damage, resulting in loss of sensation in the anterior third of the scrotum. Which nerve is most likely affected?

  • Posterior cutaneous nerve of the thigh
  • Dorsal nerve of the penis
  • Pudendal nerve
  • Ilioinguinal and genitofemoral nerves (correct)

Which layer of the scrotum is derived from the fascia transversalis?

<p>Internal spermatic fascia (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

After a motorcycle accident, a patient presents with a lesion affecting the ischiocavernosus muscle. Which of the following structures is most likely to be directly affected?

<p>Crura of the penis (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A physician is examining a patient with suspected lymphatic drainage issues in the scrotum. Which lymph nodes should the physician initially palpate to assess the primary drainage pathway?

<p>Superficial inguinal lymph nodes (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A patient is diagnosed with a condition affecting the dorsal nerve of the penis. Which of the following functions is most likely to be compromised?

<p>Sensation of the penile skin (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which muscle is responsible for the contraction that elevates the testes and scrotum, aiding in temperature regulation?

<p>Dartos muscle (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which mechanism plays the MOST significant role in regulating testicular temperature?

<p>Adequate testicular blood flow. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The testicular artery originates directly from which major blood vessel?

<p>Abdominal aorta (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is varicocele more common on the left side of the male anatomy?

<p>The left testicular vein drains into the left renal vein. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which structure directly connects the rete testis to the epididymis?

<p>Vasa efferentia (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where are Leydig cells primarily located, and what is their main function?

<p>In the stroma of the testis; to produce testosterone. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the combined effect of Follicle-Stimulating Hormone (FSH) and Luteinizing Hormone (LH) on spermatogenesis?

<p>FSH stimulates mitotic divisions of spermatogonia, while LH increases testosterone production. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do Sertoli cells contribute to the regulation of spermatogenesis?

<p>By producing androgen-binding protein to concentrate testosterone around sperms and inhibin to regulate FSH release. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the origin and composition of the tunica vaginalis?

<p>A serous sac representing the distal part of the processus vaginalis. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following accurately describes the function and location of the epididymis?

<p>Site of sperm storage and maturation, connects to the testes via the vas deferens. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A 55-year-old male is diagnosed with Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH). Considering the anatomical relations of the prostate, which structure is most likely to be compressed, leading to urinary symptoms?

<p>Prostatic urethra. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The ejaculatory duct is formed by the union of which two structures?

<p>The vas deferens and the duct of the seminal vesicle. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements best describes the function of the seminal vesicles?

<p>They contribute to the seminal fluid and are a main source of prostaglandins. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A researcher is studying potential markers for prostate cancer. Which substance, when found in elevated levels, is most indicative of prostate cancer?

<p>Acid phosphatase (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

During a digital rectal exam, a physician palpates the posterior surface of the prostate. Which anatomical structure is directly related to this surface?

<p>Rectum (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A man experiences difficulty with lubrication during sexual activity. Which gland is most likely to be the source of this issue?

<p>Bulbourethral gland (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

If a patient has a blockage in the artery of the vas deferens, which artery is most likely to be affected?

<p>Inferior vesical artery (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Following a straddle injury, a young cyclist experiences localized necrosis of the bulb of the penis. Which of the following muscles, directly overlying this structure, would most likely exhibit signs of trauma?

<p>Bulbospongiosus muscle (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A surgeon performing a complex penile reconstruction needs to ensure adequate arterial supply to the corpus cavernosum. Direct damage to which of the following arteries would MOST significantly compromise the erectile function dependent on this structure?

<p>Deep artery of the penis (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A patient presents with a lesion affecting the dorsal nerve of the penis after a surgical complication. While the nerve is primarily sensory, damage to it may secondarily impact motor function via disruption of sensory feedback to which muscle?

<p>Bulbospongiosus muscle (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A patient is diagnosed with a condition affecting the cremasteric muscle's function. Considering the origin and role of this muscle, which action would be MOST directly impaired?

<p>Elevation of the testes in response to cold (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A 30-year-old male is involved in a motorcycle accident and sustains significant trauma to the anterior aspect of his scrotum. Physical examination reveals loss of sensation in the affected area. Which of the following nerves is MOST likely to be damaged?

<p>Ilioinguinal nerve (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

During a surgical repair of an inguinal hernia, the surgeon encounters the external spermatic fascia. From which muscle layer does this fascia originate?

<p>External oblique muscle (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A patient presents with lymphedema of the scrotum following a parasitic infection. Which of the following lymph node groups would be the MOST likely site for initial assessment of lymphatic drainage?

<p>Superficial inguinal lymph nodes (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A patient who underwent a vasectomy later develops ischemic necrosis of the vas deferens. Which artery, if compromised during the procedure, would MOST likely contribute to this complication?

<p>Artery of the vas deferens (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

After a vasectomy, which of the following structures would still contain sperm?

<p>Epididymis (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A researcher is investigating the effects of a new drug on sperm maturation. Which specific region of the epididymis should the researcher focus on to observe the most significant changes related to this process?

<p>Body of the epididymis (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

If the inferior vesical artery is compromised, which of the following structures is MOST likely to experience reduced blood flow?

<p>Artery of the vas deferens (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A patient is diagnosed with a tumor affecting the seminal vesicles. Which substance, primarily produced by these glands, would likely be found in decreased levels in his ejaculate?

<p>Prostaglandins (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

During a surgical procedure, a surgeon accidentally damages the prostatic utricle. Which of the following structures is MOST likely to be affected?

<p>Median lobe (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A man reports a noticeable decrease in the volume of his ejaculate following a surgery. Which of the following glands is MOST likely to have been affected during the procedure?

<p>Seminal vesicle (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the anatomical relationship between the prostate gland's posterior surface and the rectum, and its clinical significance?

<p>Directly adjacent, allowing palpation during digital rectal exams to assess prostate size and detect abnormalities. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A patient presents with complaints of painful ejaculation, and imaging reveals inflammation affecting the structures where the vas deferens merges with the seminal vesicles. Which anatomical region is MOST likely the primary site of inflammation?

<p>Ejaculatory duct (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A researcher is investigating the effects of a new drug on spermatogenesis. If the drug specifically inhibits the function of Sertoli cells, which of the following outcomes would be MOST likely?

<p>Decreased production of androgen-binding protein and disruption of sperm maturation. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A patient presents with a condition that impairs the ability of the pampiniform plexus to effectively cool the arterial blood supply to the testes. Which of the following is the MOST likely consequence of this condition?

<p>Elevated testicular temperature, potentially impairing spermatogenesis. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A genetic mutation results in the absence of the dartos muscle within the scrotum. Which of the following physiological responses would be MOST directly affected by this mutation?

<p>The ability to regulate testicular temperature through contraction and relaxation of the scrotum. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A patient is diagnosed with a rare condition that selectively destroys Leydig cells. Which hormonal change would be the MOST direct consequence of this condition?

<p>Reduced testosterone production. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In a study examining lymphatic drainage patterns, researchers inject a tracer dye into the scrotum. If the lymphatic system is functioning normally, where would the tracer dye MOST likely be detected first?

<p>Para-aortic lymph nodes. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Following a surgical procedure, a patient experiences impaired function of the cremasteric muscle. Which of the following activities would be MOST directly affected by this complication?

<p>The regulation of testicular temperature by elevating or lowering the testes. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A new drug is developed that specifically targets and inhibits the action of Luteinizing Hormone (LH) in males. What direct effect would this drug have on the testes?

<p>Decreased testosterone production by Leydig cells. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

During a physical examination, a physician notes that a patient has an abnormally thin tunica albuginea. Which of the following is the MOST likely consequence of this condition?

<p>Increased risk of testicular torsion due to reduced support. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Root of the Penis

The hidden part of the penis, consisting of the bulb and crura.

Bulb of Penis

Part of the root of the penis, covered by the Bulbo-spongiosus muscle, containing the penile urethra and arteries of the bulb, and continues as corpus spongiosum.

Crura of Penis

Part of the root of the penis, covered by the Ischio-cavernosus, containing the deep artery of the penis, and continues as corpus cavernosum.

Artery of Bulb

Arises from the internal pudendal artery and supplies the bulb of the penis.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Deep & Dorsal Artery of Penis

Terminal branches of the internal pudendal artery that supply the penis.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Lymph Drainage of Penis

Drains lymph from the penis to the superficial inguinal lymph nodes.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Nerve Supply to Penis

Provides nerve supply to the penis via branches from the pudendal nerve.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Structure of Scrotum

Wall consists of skin, dartos muscle, superficial fascia, external spermatic fascia, cremaster muscle, and internal spermatic fascia.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Testis

Primary male sex organ responsible for sperm production.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Scrotal Temperature Regulation

Regulates testicular temperature via sweat glands, dartos and cremaster muscles, and blood flow.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Testicular Artery

Arises from the abdominal aorta at L2 and supplies blood to the testis.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Testicular Vein

Drains blood from the testis; right drains into IVC, left into left renal vein (leading to more varicocele on the left).

Signup and view all the flashcards

Testicular Lymphatic Drainage

Drains into the para-aortic lymph nodes.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Tunica Vaginalis

Serous sac around the testis, representing the distal part of processus vaginalis.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Tunica Albuginea

Fibrous capsule surrounding the testis; thickens posteriorly to form mediastinum testis.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Hormonal Control of Spermatogenesis

FSH stimulates spermatogonia/Sertoli cells; LH increases testosterone from Leydig cells (maintains spermatogenesis). Sertoli cells produce androgen binding protein and inhibin.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Mullerian Inhibiting Hormone Function

Prevents the formation of female genital ducts during development.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Epididymis Parts

Head, body, and tail.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Epididymis Function

Storage, maturation, and nourishment of sperm.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Vas Deferens Termination

Joins the duct of the seminal vesicle to form the ejaculatory duct.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Ejaculatory Duct Formation

Union of the vas deferens with the duct of the seminal vesicle.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Seminal Vesicle Function

Produces seminal fluid, main source of prostaglandins.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Prostate Lobes

Anterior, posterior, median, right and left lateral.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Structures Inside Prostate

Prostatic urethra, ejaculatory ducts, prostatic utricle.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Body of Penis

The visible portion of the penis, distinct from its attached base.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Bulbo-spongiosus muscle

Muscle covering the bulb of the penis; aids in expulsion of urine/semen.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Ischio-cavernosus muscle

Muscle covering the crura of the penis.

Signup and view all the flashcards

External pudendal arteries

From the femoral artery supply blood to the scrotum.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Cremasteric artery

From inferior epigastric artery that supplies blood to the cremaster muscle.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Ilioinguinal & genitofemoral nerves

Innervates the anterior 1/3 of the scrotum.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Pudendal & posterior cutaneous nerve

Innervates the posterior 2/3 of the scrotum.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Leydig cells function

Located in the stroma of the testis and produce testosterone

Signup and view all the flashcards

Scrotal sweat glands

Scrotal skin is rich in these to regulate temperature

Signup and view all the flashcards

Cremaster muscle function

Muscle that raise/lower the testis for temperature control

Signup and view all the flashcards

Testis lobules

The mediastinum of testis divides the testis into how many lobules?

Signup and view all the flashcards

FSH stimulation result

FSH stimulates spermatogonia, Sertoli cells to produce what?

Signup and view all the flashcards

Inhibin hormone

Sertoli cells produce this to control sperm overproduction

Signup and view all the flashcards

Vas Deferens

A 45 cm long duct connecting the epididymis to the ejaculatory duct, transporting sperm.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Ejaculatory Duct

Formed by the union of the vas deferens and the seminal vesicle duct, opening into the prostatic urethra.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Seminal Vesicle

Accessory gland that produces seminal fluid, a key source of prostaglandins.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Prostate Relations

Base, anterior, posterior, and lateral surfaces each related to surrounding structures.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Prostate Contents

Prostatic urethra and ejaculatory ducts.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Prostate Cancer Marker

Acid phosphatase.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Bulbourethral Gland Function

Produce pre-ejaculate fluid that empties into the penile urethra.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Study Notes

  • The male genital tract consists of the external genitalia (penis and scrotum) and internal structures (testes and duct system).
  • Accessory glands contribute to the formation of seminal fluid

Penis

  • The penis contains a hidden root and an exposed body
  • The root of the penis consists of:
    • Bulb of the penis: Covered by the bulbo-spongiosus muscle, contains the penile urethra and two arteries of the bulb, and continues into the body as the corpus spongiosum
    • Crura of the penis: Covered by the ischio-cavernosus muscle, contains the deep artery of the penis, and continues into the body as the corpus cavernosum
  • Arterial supply includes the artery of the bulb (a branch of the internal pudendal artery), and the deep and dorsal arteries of the penis (terminal branches of the internal pudendal artery).
  • Lymphatic drainage occurs via the superficial inguinal lymph nodes.
  • Nerve supply is from the dorsal nerve of the penis originating from the pudendal nerve.

Scrotum

  • The wall of the scrotum is composed of:
    • Skin
    • Dartos muscle which replaces the superficial fascia
    • Membranous layer of the superficial fascia
    • External spermatic fascia derived from the external oblique muscle
    • Cremastric muscle and fascia originating from the internal oblique muscle
    • Internal spermatic fascia derived from the fascia transversalis
  • Arterial supply is provided by the superficial and deep external pudendal arteries (from the femoral artery), scrotal branches (from the internal pudendal artery), and the cremastric artery (from the inferior epigastric artery)
  • Nerve supply to the scrotum comes from the anterior 1/3 (ilioinguinal nerve and genitofemoral nerves) and the posterior 2/3 (pudendal nerve and posterior cutaneous nerve of the thigh)
  • Lymphatic drainage flows into the superficial inguinal lymph nodes

Testis

  • The scrotum's skin is rich in sweat glands, and subcutaneous fat is replaced by the dartos muscle, aiding temperature regulation
  • The cremastric muscle pulls the testis up or down to regulate temperature
  • Good testicular blood flow is a key factor in temperature regulation
  • Provides arterial supply, arising from the abdominal aorta at the level of L2
  • Venous drainage is through the pampiniform plexus, forming the testicular vein:
    • Inferior vena cava: on the right side
    • Left renal vein: on the left side, therefore varicocele is more common
  • Lymphatic drainage occurs via the para-aortic lymph nodes

Testis Structure

  • The tunica vaginalis is a serous sac around the testis, representing the distal part of the processus vaginalis
  • The tunica albuginea is a fibrous capsule surrounding the testis and thickens posteriorly to form the mediastinum testis, from which fibrous septa extend, dividing the testis into 200-300 lobules
  • Each lobule contains 1-2 seminiferous tubules, which are convoluted tubules that become straight near the mediastinum testis and open into the rete testis.
  • The rete testis connects with the head of the epididymis through the vasa efferentia
  • Seminiferous tubules contain spermatogonia and Sertoli cells
  • The stroma of the testis contains Leydig cells that secrete testosterone

Hormonal Control of Spermatogenesis:

  • The pituitary gland secretes:
    • FSH: stimulates mitotic divisions of spermatogonia and sertoli cells, which causes androgen binding protein production
    • LH: increases testosterone production by Leydig cells
  • Leydig cells produce testosterone to maintain spermatogenesis.
  • Sertoli cells produce androgen-binding protein to concentrate testosterone around sperm.
  • Inhibin hormone inhibits the release of FSH to control the overproduction of sperm
  • Mullerian inhibiting hormone prevents the formation of the female genital duct

Epididymis

  • The epididymis consists of a head, body, and tail
  • Functions include:
    • Sperm storage
    • Sperm maturation
    • Secretion of seminal fluid to nourish sperm

Vas Deferens

  • The vas deferens is 45 cm long, begins at the tail of the epididymis, and joins the duct of the seminal vesicle to form the ejaculatory duct.
  • Arterial supply comes from the artery of the vas, originating from the inferior vesical artery.

Ejaculatory Duct

  • The ejaculatory duct forms from the union of the vas deferens with the duct of the seminal vesicle.
  • The ejaculatory duct opens into the prostatic urethra.

Accessory Glands

  • These include the Seminal vesicle, Prostate and Bulbo-urethral gland

Seminal vesicle

  • The seminal vesicle's duct unites with vas deferens, forming the ejaculatory duct and produces seminal fluid
  • It is the primary source of prostaglandins

Prostate

  • The base is pierced by the urethra
  • The anterior surface is separated from the pubis by the retropubic fat
  • The posterior surface is related to the rectum
  • The sides are bound by the levator ani muscle
  • Lobes of the prostate include:
    • Anterior lobe is located in front of the urethra
    • Posterior lobe is located behind the urethra & below ejaculatory ducts
    • Median lobe is located behind urethra & between ejaculatory ducts, contains prostatic utricle
    • Right and left lateral lobes are on either side of the median lobe
  • Some of its structures include:
    • Prostatic urethra
    • Ejaculatory ducts
    • Prostatic utricle
  • Acid phosphatase is a marker for cancer of the prostate

Bulbo-urethral gland

  • The bulbo-urethral gland produces pre-ejaculate fluid
  • The duct opens into the penile urethra

Studying That Suits You

Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.

Quiz Team

Related Documents

More Like This

Use Quizgecko on...
Browser
Browser