Male and Female Reproductive Systems

Male Reproductive System

• Semen travels sequentially through the epididymis, vas deferens, ejaculatory duct, and urethra.
• Sperm maturation occurs in phases: spermatogonium, spermatocyte, spermatid, spermatozoan.
• Erection is facilitated by increased blood volume in the corpus spongiosum and corpora cavernosa.
• Mitochondria, crucial for energy production, are located in the midpiece of sperm cells.
• The male urethra serves dual functions in the urinary and reproductive systems.
• The ampulla is the distal widened portion of the vas deferens.
• The epididymis functions to mature and store sperm cells.

Female Reproductive System

• The antrum refers to the fluid-filled space within a follicle.
• The tissue surrounding a mature follicle is called the theca.
• Follicles secrete the hormone estrogen, important for reproductive processes.
• External female genitals are known as the vulva or pudendum.
• Vestibular glands secrete lubricating fluid into the vestibule, aiding in sexual function.
• Ovulation is the process of releasing an oocyte from a follicle.
• Fertilization typically occurs in the fallopian tube, also known as the uterine tube or oviduct.
• The cervix is the narrow neck of the uterus, connecting it to the vagina.

Oocyte and Follicle Development

• The oocyte in a secondary follicle is contained within a cumulus mass.
• The hymen is a thin membrane covering part of the vaginal opening.
• The corpus luteum is an ovarian structure that secretes progesterone, essential for maintaining pregnancy.

Structure and Function of Sperm

• The birth canal, aiding in childbirth, is termed the vagina.
• Outermost layer of germ cells in sperm development is spermatogonia.
• Some daughter cells of spermatogonia develop into spermatocytes, which undergo meiosis to produce spermatids.
• Each spermatid matures into spermatozoan, the functional sperm cell.
• Structural components of sperm include the head, midpiece, and flagellum.
• Mitochondria in sperm provide ATP for energy, essential for mobility.
• Male reproductive accessory glands include seminal vesicles, prostate gland, and bulbourethral gland.

This quiz covers key concepts related to the male and female reproductive systems, including the anatomy, functions, and hormonal processes involved. Test your knowledge on the maturation of sperm, the roles of different structures, and the hormonal influences in both male and female reproductive health.