Malaysian History: Colonial Era and Founding of PAP
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Questions and Answers

What was the primary ethnic group of the Malaysian party?

  • Malaysian
  • Anti-communist
  • British
  • Ethnic Chinese (correct)

    • What was the primary reason for the British colonial authorities to increase the number of police?

  • To fund their colonial activities
  • To counter the threat of communist groups (correct)
  • To reduce inter-group conflict
  • To increase direct taxation capacity

    • What was the name of the party founded in 1954 by middle-class Chinese returning from Britain?

  • Business Elite Party
  • Malaysian Party
  • Anti-communist Party
  • People's Action Party (correct)

    • What is the result of more discretionary action during times of civil war?

    <p>Emergence of undermining institutions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the factor that shapes the likelihood of political violence?

    <p>State capacity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who is the author of the book 'Bringing the State Back'?

    <p>Charles Tilly</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of state forces are reported as perpetrators of sexual violence against civilians?

    <p>42%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why are men and boys more likely to be targeted in armed conflicts?

    <p>They are assumed to be combatants instead of civilians</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which country are the military service rules identical for both men and women?

    <p>Norway</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a possible reason why men-only military conscriptions may be considered gender-based violence?

    <p>They are a result of policies of male-dominated institutions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of female suicide bombers in countries with more conservative gender norms?

    <p>They are more lethal</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common feature of armed conflicts?

    <p>Sexual violence only occurs in some conflicts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to research, what is a key factor in the use of rape as a socialization tool by armed groups?

    <p>Forced recruitment and pressganging</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do leftist organizations tend to do compared to religious and nationalist groups?

    <p>Include women in various roles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which type of conflict is rape more likely to occur?

    <p>Scenarios of state collapse</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key characteristic of al-Shabaab's use of women in their organization?

    <p>Women are involved in non-combat roles like intelligence gathering and logistical support</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does research suggest about the relationship between gender inequality and wartime rape?

    <p>There is no correlation between gender inequality and wartime rape</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key factor that does not correlate with higher levels of rape during conflict?

    <p>Greater gender inequality</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the primary objective of Sinhalese leaders when promoting policies that favored the majority?

    <p>To consolidate their power base</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a requirement for mens rea in the context of genocide in international law?

    <p>Special intent to commit genocide (dolus specialis)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the physical component of a crime being committed?

    <p>Actus reus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the consequence of institutional discrimination in Sri Lanka?

    <p>It made peaceful coexistence more difficult and escalated ethnic tensions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the primary motivation of conservative elites in Serbia, according to Gagnon's argument?

    <p>To maintain power amidst domestic challenges</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following examples involves both action and omission in establishing actus reus in genocide?

    <p>Creating circumstances that would lead to slow death</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the response of conservative elites in Serbia to Yugoslav reforms in the 1960s?

    <p>They invoked ethnic nationalism to maintain their power</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to the definition of genocide, what is the intention of the perpetrator?

    <p>To destroy, in whole or in part, a national, ethnical, racial or religious group</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the consequence of the lack of mechanisms within the government structure to address grievances in Sri Lanka?

    <p>The conflict grew and persisted</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the deliberate infliction of conditions of life calculated to bring about the physical destruction of a group?

    <p>Deliberately inflicting on the group conditions of life calculated to bring about its physical destruction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the role of institutions and policies in shaping ethnic relations, according to the institutional approach?

    <p>They played a crucial role in shaping ethnic relations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the common term for the two components required for most crimes, including genocide?

    <p>Actus reus and mens rea</p> Signup and view all the answers

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