Making Inferences: Understanding and Applying Implicit Information

Inferences are conclusions we draw from facts and information, often implicit or not directly stated. They are an essential part of our daily lives, from making assumptions about people's intentions to understanding complex texts. Inferences play a crucial role in various academic subjects, including reading, science, and social studies, as they help us interpret and analyze information.

The Process of Making Inferences

Making inferences involves understanding that not all information is explicitly mentioned in a text. Writers often provide hints or clues to help readers "read between the lines," which is the process of inferring. This skill requires the ability to go beyond the surface details and identify the underlying meanings that the details suggest.

For example, if you hear screeching tires, a loud crash, and breaking glass while sitting in your car, you would infer that a car accident has occurred, even though you didn't see the event. This is because you have prior knowledge of the sounds associated with car accidents.

General Sense

In some cases, the meaning of a word may be implied by the general sense of its context. For instance, when we read that "Murderers are usually incarcerated for longer periods of time than robbers," we can infer the meaning of the word "incarcerated" without knowing its exact definition.

Drawing Conclusions

Drawing conclusions, another aspect of inferential thinking, refers to information that is implied or inferred. This means that the information is never clearly stated. When reading, we must pay attention to the clues and hints given by the writer to make accurate inferences.

Why Inferential Thinking Is Important

Inferential thinking is a prerequisite for higher-order thinking. It is essential for understanding complex ideas and making connections between different pieces of information. Inferential thinking is needed across the curriculum, from English language arts and math to science and social studies.

How to Teach Inferential Thinking

Teaching inferential thinking involves helping students recognize that they already make inferences, building their confidence, and introducing them to the concepts. Many models for teaching inferencing are intended for use with text but can work just as well for guiding students through making inferences about pictures or wordless picture books.

With explicit instruction, students can learn to recognize inferences they make about their reading, check their thinking to ensure it makes sense, and adjust their inferences as they receive new information.

Conclusion

In conclusion, making inferences is a complex skill that is essential for understanding and interpreting information. It is a prerequisite for higher-order thinking and is needed across the curriculum. By teaching students to recognize and evaluate their own inferences, we can help them develop this valuable skill and improve their overall learning experience.