Major Inorganic Constituents in Terrestrial Water Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What is the purpose of alkalinity measurement in water chemistry?

  • To measure the buffering capacity of water (correct)
  • To assess the turbidity of water
  • To determine the concentration of calcium and magnesium
  • To calculate the dissolved silica content

    • Which of the following is NOT a major inorganic constituent commonly found in terrestrial water?

  • Chloride
  • Nitrate
  • Silica
  • Iron (correct)

    • How is alkalinity typically expressed in water analysis reports?

  • In moles per liter (mol/L)
  • In equivalent per liter (eq/L) (correct)
  • In parts per million (ppm)
  • In grams per liter (g/L)

    • Which of the following is a key component contributing to the overall alkalinity in most water systems?

    <p>Carbon dioxide</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does a decrease in pH from 8.5 to 4.5 indicate in terms of water chemistry?

    <p>Increase in acidity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which parameter is used to quantify the acid required to lower the pH of a water sample to 4.5?

    <p>[H+]</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main cause of water hardness?

    <p>Presence of multivalent cations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which ions contribute to the total hardness in practice?

    <p>Ca2+ and Mg2+</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most common unit used to express water hardness in terms of equivalent CaCO3 mass?

    <p>mg/L as CaCO3</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is Equivalent Weight (EW) calculated?

    <p>Atomic weight divided by valence charge</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which compound has an Equivalent Weight of 50 g/eq?

    <p>CaCO3</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What ions are involved in the dissolution of CaCO3?

    <p>Ca2+ and Cl-</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the size range of viruses?

    <p>0.01 – 0.1 µm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which organism is a parasitic worm?

    <p>Giardia lamblia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the infectious dose that N50 represents?

    <p>10,000,000</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which microorganism is particularly resistant to chemical disinfectants?

    <p>Cryptosporidium parvum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In a Plaque Assay, what does a plaque refer to?

    <p>A void of host cells formed by infection with a single virus particle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where did the Milwaukee pathogen outbreak of 1993 occur?

    <p>Milwaukee, Wisconsin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of recarbonation in the water softening process?

    <p>To prevent scaling caused by excess calcium carbonate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the parameter 𝐺𝑡𝑑 represent?

    <p>A combination of velocity gradient and detention time</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the Lime-Soda process, what is added in order to remove magnesium non-carbonate hardness?

    <p>Soda ash (Na2CO3)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why do bigger plants typically have lower energy consumption in coagulation-flocculation processes?

    <p>Due to higher technological efficiency and trained staff</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the outcome of the reaction between Ca(OH)2 and CO2 during recarbonation?

    <p>Formation of calcium carbonate scale</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary cause of water hardness?

    <p>Multivalent cations like Calcium and Magnesium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Excess water hardness can lead to poor lathering performance of soaps due to:

    <p>Formation of hard precipitates on infrastructure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the Lime-Soda process contribute to water softening?

    <p>By adding carbonate to precipitate hardness ions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the ion exchange process in water softening?

    <p>Exchanging sodium ions for calcium and magnesium ions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the formula to calculate Total Hardness (TH) in mg/L as CaCO3?

    <p>$50,000(2[Ca2+] + 2[Mg2+])$</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the most abundant dissolved inorganic constituents found in water that contribute to water hardness?

    <p>Calcium and Magnesium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is soda ash (Na2CO3) added in the Lime-Soda process for water softening?

    <p>To precipitate calcium and magnesium ions</p> Signup and view all the answers

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