Major Depressive Disorder Overview

A state of fullness and satisfaction that stops the act of eating.

A hormone that signals the brain that the body is full and should stop eating.

The amount of energy expended by the body over a specific time.

The theory suggests a person's weight is genetically determined.

An eating disorder where a person is intentionally starving themself and/or exercising excessively.

A mood disorder characterized by persistent mild to moderate depressed moods for at least two years. It includes symptoms like fatigue, low self-esteem, and changes in appetite.

A childhood condition characterized by extreme irritability, anger, and frequent, intense temper outbursts.

A severe form of premenstrual syndrome (PMS) affecting 1.8-5.8% of menstruating women, leading to intense irritability, depression, or anxiety before periods.

An eating disorder where a person eats large amounts of food in a short period of time, often feeling out of control and experiencing guilt or shame afterward.

A condition where a person regurgitates recently eaten food, re-chews it, and either swallows it again or spits it out.

A psychological disorder characterized by an appetite for non-nutritive substances such as ice, soap, hair, or paper.

This stage of treatment for ARFID encourages children to keep a log of their eating habits without trying to change them.

This stage involves gradually exposing children to foods they avoid, while using relaxation techniques to manage anxiety.

This stage focuses on systematically getting children used to new foods by gradually introducing them.

This stage involves monitoring a child's progress and making adjustments to the treatment plan as needed.

This eating disorder is characterized by a lack of interest in food or eating, leading to weight loss, nutritional deficiencies, or dependence on feeding tubes.

Recent alcohol ingestion causing behavioral or psychological changes like slurred speech, incoordination, impaired attention or memory, and even stupor or coma.

Symptoms that occur after reducing alcohol consumption following a period of excessive use.

Drugs that increase overall levels of neural activity.

A type of stimulant that can be made from readily available ingredients.

A stimulant drug known for its use in coffee and energy drinks, but less potent than other stimulants.

A substance use disorder involving the abuse of stimulant drugs.

Clinically significant behavioral or psychological changes that develop during or shortly after using a stimulant.

Symptoms that occur after stopping or reducing prolonged stimulant use, including dysphoric mood, fatigue, and sleep disturbances.

This disorder is characterized by excessive sleepiness and difficulty waking up, often accompanied by confusion and slowness upon waking. It differs from narcolepsy as it doesn't involve other symptoms like cataplexy, sleep paralysis, or hypnagogic hallucinations.

A sleep disorder characterized by complex motor behaviors during sleep, including wandering, talking, or even driving, with no memory of the events afterwards.

A sleep disorder involving sudden awakenings with intense fear, often accompanied by screaming or thrashing. It typically occurs during NREM sleep.

A sleep disorder characterized by frequent nightmares, often involving disturbing themes of danger and threat to the individual.

A sleep disorder where muscle paralysis usually associated with REM sleep is absent, allowing the sleeper to physically act out their dreams.

A sleep disorder characterized by an irresistible urge to move the legs, usually during periods of rest or while trying to fall asleep. It can interfere with sleep quality.

A category of sleep disorders that involve disruptive motor activity, unusual behaviors, or unusual mental states during sleep. They can occur in either REM or NREM phases of sleep.

A sleep disorder characterized by difficulty falling asleep, staying asleep, or both, leading to daytime sleepiness and other difficulties.

A type of substance use disorder that involves the use of opioids.

A group of drugs that act like natural painkillers produced by the body. These drugs bind to opioid receptors in the brain, leading to pain relief and feelings of euphoria.

Symptoms experienced when someone stops using opioids after becoming dependent. They can include nausea, muscle aches, diarrhea, sleep problems, agitation, and low mood.

A type of substance use disorder involving sedatives, hypnotics, or anxiolytic drugs. This disorder can lead to significant impairment and distress.

Drugs that induce sleep or are used in anesthesia. They are often prescribed to treat insomnia.

Drugs that reduce anxiety. They work by calming the nervous system.

A class of drugs that significantly alter sensory and perceptual experiences. These drugs produce strong, atypical feelings and unusual sensory perceptions.

A drug with mind-altering effects that acts as an antagonist of the NMDA glutamate receptor.

A chronic disorder characterized by non-psychotic flashbacks of visual hallucinations or distortions, stemming from past hallucinogenic drug use.

A broad range of household and industrial chemicals whose volatile vapors or gases are inhaled to produce intoxication.

A problematic pattern of inhalant use, leading to significant impairment or distress.

The state of intoxication experienced during, or shortly after, inhalant use.

A pattern of cannabis use leading to significant impairment or distress, encompassing both abuse and dependence.

A theory suggesting that an individual's unconscious experiences and unresolved conflicts from the past may contribute to addiction.

A theory explaining addiction based on the expectation of positive effects or feelings associated with drug use.