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Questions and Answers
Which condition can influence changes in Lewis Phenotype?
What type of antibodies are Lewis antibodies?
Which group system do MN antigens belong to?
What is the characteristic of Anti-N antibodies?
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In which individuals is anti-U most commonly formed?
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Where is I antigen predominantly found?
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Which blood group system is associated with anti-Tj a (Anti-PP1Pk)?
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What autoimmune condition is associated with autoanti-P?
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What type of infections are commonly associated with the P1 antigen?
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Which antibody can be neutralized using hydatid cyst fluid from Echinococcus granulosus infection?
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What type of antibodies are usually weak, cold reactive saline agglutinins?
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Which blood group system originated from Mrs. Kellaher?
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Which blood group system is associated with the KEL gene located on chromosome 7?
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Which phenotype is resistant to Plasmodium vivax infection?
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Which blood group system shows a dosage effect and is enhanced by enzymes?
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Which antibodies are usually IgG, reactive in AHG phase, and have a reputation for causing delayed hemolytic transfusion reactions?
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Which phenotype is abundant among Polynesians and resists lysis in 2M urea?
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Which blood group system was named from a misinterpretation of the blood donor's name?
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Which white blood cell enzyme deficiency is associated with the Kell blood group system?
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Where are Wright antigens located?
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Which blood group system is found in acetylcholinesterase?
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What type of antibody is Anti-Lub?
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Which phenotype is associated with the production of Anti-Jk3?
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What temperature range is the thermal optimum for Anti-Lua?
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Which major blood group system involves antigens acting as receptors for Helicobacter pylori?
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What is the correct order of development of Lewis antigen from Le(a-b-) to Le(a-b+)?
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Which system is the only one not manufactured by red blood cells but by tissue cells and secreted into body fluids?
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If an individual lacks both Lewis and Secretor genes, what Lewis phenotype would they have?
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Which substance is present in secretions for the genotype le, Se, ABH?
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In the Lewis system, which antigens are produced as glycoproteins in saliva and other secretions?
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Study Notes
Lewis Phenotype and Antibodies
- Environmental factors, genetics, and certain diseases can influence changes in Lewis Phenotype.
- Lewis antibodies are predominantly IgM type antibodies.
MN Antigens
- MN antigens belong to the MNS blood group system.
- Anti-N antibodies can cause mild hemolytic reactions and may be naturally occurring.
Anti-U Antibodies
- Anti-U antibodies are most commonly formed in individuals who are Duffy-negative.
I Antigen Location
- I antigen is predominantly found on red blood cells.
Anti-Tj a (Anti-PP1Pk) Association
- Anti-Tj a is associated with the P blood group system.
Autoanti-P and Infections
- Autoanti-P is associated with the autoimmune condition known as paroxysmal cold hemoglobinuria.
- P1 antigen is commonly associated with infections, specifically with Mycoplasma pneumoniae.
Antibody Neutralization
- Antibodies that can be neutralized using hydatid cyst fluid come from Echinococcus granulosus infection.
Weak and Cold Reactive Antibodies
- Weak, cold-reactive saline agglutinins are typically known as cold antibodies.
Kell Blood Group System
- The Kell blood group system originated from Mrs. Kellaher and is linked to the KEL gene located on chromosome 7.
Plasmodium vivax Resistance
- Individuals with the phenotype Jk(a-b-) have resistance to Plasmodium vivax infection.
Dosage Effect and Enzyme Enhancement
- The Rh blood group system shows a dosage effect and is enhanced by enzyme treatment.
Delayed Hemolytic Transfusion Reactions
- Antibodies that are typically IgG, react in the AHG phase, and are known for causing delayed hemolytic transfusion reactions include anti-K and anti-Fya.
Polynesian Phenotype
- The Jk(a-b-) phenotype is abundant among Polynesians and shows resistance to lysis in 2M urea.
Misinterpretation Blood Group System
- The Lewis blood group system was named from a misinterpretation of a blood donor's name.
White Blood Cell Enzyme Deficiency
- A deficiency of the enzyme phospholipase C (PC) in white blood cells is associated with the Kell blood group system.
Wright Antigens Location
- Wright antigens are located on the surface of red blood cells.
Acetylcholinesterase Blood Group System
- The ABH blood group system is found in acetylcholinesterase.
Anti-Lub Antibody Type
- Anti-Lub is classified as an IgG type antibody.
Anti-Jk3 Production
- The production of Anti-Jk3 is related to the Jk(a-b-) phenotype.
Thermal Optimum for Anti-Lua
- The thermal optimum for Anti-Lua activity is within 4°C to 22°C.
Helicobacter pylori and Blood Groups
- The ABO blood group system includes antigens that act as receptors for Helicobacter pylori.
Development of Lewis Antigens
- The correct order of Lewis antigen development is Le(a-b-) → Le(a+b-) → Le(a+b+).
Unique Manufacturing of Blood Group Systems
- The Lewis blood group system is the only one not produced by red blood cells but instead by tissue cells and secreted into body fluids.
Lewis Phenotype from Gene Lacking
- An individual lacking both Lewis and Secretor genes would have the Lewis phenotype Le(a-b-).
Secretions and Lewis System
- The substance present in secretions for the genotype le, Se, ABH is usually A or B antigens from the ABO blood group system.
Antigens in Saliva and Secretions
- In the Lewis system, the antigens Lea and Leb are produced as glycoproteins in saliva and other secretions.
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Description
Test your knowledge on major and minor blood group systems including ABO, Rh, Kell, Duffy, Kidd, MNSs, P, I, Diego, Cartwright, XG, Sciancia, and more. Learn about the unique characteristics of each system and their antigens.
