Mahatma Gandhi and the Wardha Scheme of Education

Introduction to Wardha Scheme of Education

• Education is a distinct art developing mental, social, cultural, and economic aspects of a person.
• India has a rich history of educational changes, with the Wardha Scheme being one example.
• The Wardha Scheme of education was developed by Mahatma Gandhi.

Mahatma Gandhi's Biography

• Mahatma Gandhi was a prominent leader of India's independence movement.
• Born on October 2, 1869, in Porbandar.
• His full name was Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi.
• Came from a deeply religious family, emphasizing self-discipline and non-violence.
• Initially trained as a barrister, but faced racial discrimination in South Africa. He developed Satyagraha.
• Returned to India in 1915 leading various movements like Salt Satyagraha, Non-Cooperation Movement, Quit India Movement.
• Assassinated on January 30, 1948.

Gandhi's Contributions to Education

• Mahatma Gandhi believed education should be accessible to everyone (regardless of caste, creed or gender).
• Emphasized the importance of practical skills and vocational training.
• Wanted to connect education with the needs of the community.
• Introduced Basic Education or Nai Talim.

Basic Education (Nai Talim)

• A holistic and transformative educational philosophy.
• Created by Mahatma Gandhi.
• Criticized existing Indian education system.
• Favored linking education to practical activities.
• Focused on self-sufficiency and community involvement
• Emphasized the use of mother tongue in instruction.

Aims of the Wardha Scheme

• Create an accessible, affordable, and relevant education system for all Indians, especially in rural areas.
• Compulsory education for children between ages six and fourteen.
• Emphasized learning through productive activities like spinning, weaving, carpentry, and agriculture to make the education system self-sufficient.

Key Features of the Wardha Scheme

• Eliminated formal examinations, favoring personal growth.
• Flexible learning pace for students.
• Integration of theory and practice in education.
• Teachers as facilitators or mentors, rather than just instructors.
• Five and a half hour working hours.

Key Methodologies

• Importance of Productive Work: Emphasized practical skills and manual labor.
• Teacher as Role Model, Mentor, and Facilitator.
• Mother Tongue as Medium of Instruction.
• Community Participation.

Roles of the Teacher and Students

• Teacher: Role model, mentor, guide, and facilitator of learning, focused on community involvement.
• Students: Active learners, encouraged to explore interests, participate in productive activities (like spinning, carpentry), and contribute to their communities.

Merits of the Wardha Scheme

• Emphasized practical skills in handicrafts, agriculture, hygiene - connected education with real life.
• Used vernacular language in education.
• Involved the community in the education process.
• Promoted self-reliance among students.

Demerits of the Wardha Scheme

• Limited scope focusing only on manual labor.
• Economic viability concerns.
• Lack of standardization due to decentralized nature.
• Challenges in teacher training.
• Did not appeal to all students

Conclusion

• Despite criticism, the Wardha Scheme was a significant milestone in Indian education.
• Focused on practical skills, community involvement, and self-reliance.
• Helped shift education from rote learning to practical skills and community engagement.