Mahatma Gandhi and Indian Nationalism

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Questions and Answers

What was the primary purpose of Mahatma Gandhi's non-cooperation movement, Satyagraha?

To maintain the status quo in Indian society

To advocate for British rule in India

To support the British government

To achieve freedom for Indians from British colonial rule (correct)

Which event prompted Mahatma Gandhi to abandon the Satyagraha movement?

The Champaran Satyagraha

The Jallianwala Bagh massacre (correct)

The Kheda movement

The Khilafat movement

What was a primary result of the Rowlatt Act of 1919?

The unauthorized detention of political prisoners (correct)

The restoration of rights to Indian citizens

The encouragement of peaceful protests

The empowerment of local Indian governments

Which was the significant outcome of the Khilafat movement led by Mahatma Gandhi?

The unification of Hindu and Muslim communities against a common cause Signup and view all the answers

Why did Mahatma Gandhi choose to focus on the salt tax during the Salt March?

Salt was a symbol of British dominance Signup and view all the answers

What key factor contributed to the outrage following the Jallianwala Bagh massacre?

The large number of casualties among civilians Signup and view all the answers

Who were the primary leaders of the Khilafat movement that Gandhi supported?

Shaukat Ali and Muhammad Ali Signup and view all the answers

When did Mahatma Gandhi return to India from South Africa?

1915 Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary objective of the Poona Pact signed in 1932?

To reserve electoral seats for the lower classes Signup and view all the answers

What triggered Mahatma Gandhi to withdraw from the Non-Cooperation movement in February 1922?

Excessive violence associated with the movement Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following movements was specifically aimed at addressing the rights of the peasants in Champaran?

Satyagraha Movement Signup and view all the answers

What was a key consequence of the Salt March led by Mahatma Gandhi?

Beginning of the Civil Disobedience Movement Signup and view all the answers

What role did Dr. B.R. Ambedkar play in the Poona Pact?

He represented the dalits and lower classes Signup and view all the answers

Which economic conditions contributed to the rise of political movements in India after World War I?

Rise in income taxes and duty prices Signup and view all the answers

The Khilafat Movement was primarily initiated by which of the following groups?

Indian Muslims Signup and view all the answers

What was the significance of the Rowlatt Act passed in 1919?

It gave the British government the power to detain individuals without trial Signup and view all the answers

What was Mahatma Gandhi's belief about the foundation of British rule in India?

It was maintained through Indian cooperation Signup and view all the answers

Which event directly resulted in the mass agitation that followed General Dyer's actions in Amritsar?

Implementation of the Rowlatt Act Signup and view all the answers

What was the main reason for the civil unrest experienced by Dalits during the formation of the Non-Cooperation Movement?

Demands for separate electorates and reserved seats Signup and view all the answers

The Salt March was significant primarily because it emphasized which form of protest?

Non-violent civil disobedience Signup and view all the answers

In which city did Mahatma Gandhi lead a Satyagraha movement among cotton mill employees in 1918?

Ahmedabad Signup and view all the answers

How did the Satyagraha movement contribute to the Indian Nationalist movement overall?

It garnered widespread participation from peasants Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Mahatma Gandhi's Role in Indian Nationalism

Gandhi practiced law in South Africa, returning to India in 1915.
He witnessed significant hardship among Indians due to colonialism.
He aimed to liberate India from British rule with various movements.

Satyagraha Movement

Satyagraha means "agitation for truth," a peaceful movement.
Gandhi initiated the Champaran Satyagraha in 1917 to support oppressed plantation workers.
He led the Kheda Satyagraha in 1918, alongside Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel.

Jallianwala Bagh Massacre

The massacre occurred on April 13, 1919, in Amritsar.
The Rowlatt Act of 1919 allowed for detention without trial.
General Dyer opened fire at unarmed civilians during a Baisakhi fair, resulting in numerous deaths.
This event fueled outrage and sparked widespread violence.
Gandhi temporarily halted Satyagraha due to the chaos.

Khilafat Movement

The Khilafat movement united Hindus and Muslims, responding to the end of Ottoman Turkey.
It involved efforts from the brothers Shaukat Ali and Muhammad Ali.
A Khilafat committee was formed in Bombay in 1919.
Gandhi convinced Congress to endorse a non-cooperation movement supporting both Khilafat and Swaraj in 1920.

Salt March

Gandhi led the Salt March to protest the salt tax.
He believed salt was a relatable issue for all Indians.
The march commenced from Sabarmati Ashram to Dandi, where salt was manufactured.
This marked the start of the Civil Disobedience Movement.

Poona Pact

The Poona Pact was an agreement between Gandhi and B.R. Ambedkar.
It addressed the reservation of electoral seats for the lower classes in the legislature.
The compromise involved separate electorates and reservations for Dalits.

First World War Impact

The First World War (1914-1918) had a profound effect on India.
The war led to the introduction of income tax, with increased prices for customs duties.
Defence expenditure and agricultural failures resulted in hardship.
A major influenza epidemic led to widespread food shortages.

Idea of Satyagraha

Satyagraha, started in 1915, involved peaceful mass agitation against injustice.
Gandhi believed in the power of truth and working through truth.
He led Satyagraha movements in Champaran, Kheda, and Ahmedabad.
Aiming to assist peasants facing oppressive systems.

Rowlatt Act and its Impact

The Rowlatt Act allowed for detention without trial.
Gandhi opposed the act with Satyagraha.
Increased violence and unrest followed the Jallianwala Bagh massacre.

Non-Cooperation Movement

Gandhi argued that British rule relied on Indian cooperation.
The non-cooperation movement was a crucial step to free India.
It included boycotts of government-run institutions, foreign goods, and titles.
Non-cooperation was adopted in 1920.

Internal Differences in the Movement

The Non-Cooperation-Khilafat movement encompassed various interpretations of freedom and goals.
The movement attracted diverse participants, with varied motivations.
Withdrawal of various sections of society from British governmental institutions.
Emergence of increased textile production from homes.

Shift Towards Civil Disobedience

Gandhi withdrew from the Non-Cooperation movement in 1922 due to increasing violence.
Motilal Nehru and C.R. Das formed the Swaraj Party.
The Simon Commission was met with opposition and protests.
The Lahore Congress in 1929 demanded "Purna Swaraj"(complete independence).

Limits of Civil Disobedience

Dalits pressed for separate electorates and reserved seats.
Muslims felt disenfranchised by differing motivations.
Tensions existed between Hindus and Muslims.

Vande Mataram

Nationalism was fueled by shared identity and patriotic ideals.
"Vande Mataram" fostered a sense of national unity.
The creation of Bharat Mata as a visual representation of India.
Gandhi designed the Swaraj flag in 1921.

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Description

Explore Mahatma Gandhi's significant influence on Indian nationalism through key events such as the Satyagraha movements and the Jallianwala Bagh massacre. This quiz covers his strategies and the response to colonial oppression, as well as the unity manifested during the Khilafat movement. Test your knowledge on this pivotal figure in India's struggle for independence!