Magnetism Unit 4: Loops of Area A

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Questions and Answers

Which statement is true about magnetic poles?

  • They can be isolated like electric charges.
  • Every magnet has only one type of pole.
  • Magnetic poles can be easily created in isolation.
  • Magnetic poles always exist in pairs. (correct)

What happens to a compass needle's position as one moves from the equator towards the magnetic north?

  • It points directly downwards. (correct)
  • It points further away from magnetic north.
  • It remains horizontal.
  • It tilts away from the Earth's surface.

What is the effect of random electric currents in the absence of an external magnetic field?

  • They result in a net atomic magnetic moment.
  • They cancel each other out, leading to no observable magnetic field. (correct)
  • They create a stronger magnetic field.
  • They cause permanent magnetism in materials.

Which material property is responsible for the creation of atomic magnetic fields?

<p>Movement of negatively charged electrons (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why can't a permanent magnet be cut to obtain isolated magnetic poles?

<p>Magnetic poles can only exist when paired. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In what manner do electric charges differ fundamentally from magnetic poles?

<p>Electric charges can exist independently, while magnetic poles cannot. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens to the compass needle when it is used near the Geographic South Pole?

<p>It aligns with the south pole of the Earth. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does a magnetic field influence the motion of electrons in atoms?

<p>It alters the orbit of electrons in the presence of an external magnetic field. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following describes diamagnetic materials in relation to an external magnetic field?

<p>They create an opposing magnetic field to that of the external field. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is magnetic flux a measurement of?

<p>The total number of magnetic field lines passing through a closed surface. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What property of magnetic field lines indicates their strength?

<p>The density or closeness of the field lines. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a key characteristic of magnetic field lines?

<p>They form closed loops without intersecting. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens to magnetic field strength near the poles of a magnet?

<p>It is stronger because the field lines are denser. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about paramagnetic materials is true?

<p>They generate a magnetic field in the same direction as the external field. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of phenomenon is magnetism associated with?

<p>Moving electric charges and magnetic fields. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Magnetic field

The region surrounding a magnetic material or moving electric charge where magnetic forces act.

Paramagnetic material

A material that aligns its internal magnetic dipoles with an external magnetic field, enhancing the field strength.

Diamagnetic material

A material that resists an external magnetic field by generating an opposing field.

Magnetic field lines

Magnetic field lines start at the north pole of a magnet and end at the south pole.

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Magnetic flux

The number of magnetic field lines passing through a closed surface.

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Direction of magnetic field

The tangent to a magnetic field line at a point indicates the direction of the magnetic field at that point.

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Strength of magnetic field

The density of magnetic field lines is proportional to the strength of the magnetic field.

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Magnetic field lines never intersect

Magnetic field lines never intersect each other.

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Magnetic Poles are always found in pairs

A magnetic pole is always found in pairs, meaning that a lone north pole or south pole cannot exist. Every time a magnet is divided, each piece will have both a north and a south pole.

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Needle Orientation

The Earth's magnetic field causes a compass's north pole to align with the Earth's geographic North Pole. This alignment isn't perfect, and the compass needle will point downward at a specific point near Hudson Bay.

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Atomic Magnetic Moment

The movement of electrons within atoms creates small electric currents, resulting in atomic magnetic fields. These fields have a magnetic moment, which is a measure of the strength and direction of the magnetic field.

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Magnetism from aligned atomic moments

Materials become magnetic when their atomic magnetic moments align. This alignment creates a large magnetic field that can be detected.

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Random Atomic Moments

In materials that aren't magnetic, the atomic magnetic moments are randomly oriented, resulting in cancellation of the magnetic fields. This is why most materials aren't magnetic.

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Compass Needle Movement

A compass needle swings freely in both the horizontal and vertical planes. Near the equator, the needle points horizontally, but as you move towards the poles, the needle tilts downward.

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Earth's Magnetic Field

The earth's magnetic field is similar to a bar magnet with a north and a south pole, and it's not perfectly aligned with the Earth's geographic poles.

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Earth's Magnetic Field Changes

The Earth's magnetic field changes over time, so the exact position of the magnetic poles can vary.

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Study Notes

Magnetism Unit 4: Loops of Area A

  • Unit 4 covers the topic of magnetism, specifically focusing on magnetic loops of area A.
  • Magnetic fields are characterized by having two poles (North and South).
  • Magnetic poles always exist in pairs (north and south)
  • Attempts to isolate magnetic poles have failed.
  • A magnetic loop of area A is a representation of a magnetic field created by a loop of current.
  • The magnetic force between two magnetic poles depends on their strengths and the distance between them.

Magnetic Field Introduction

  • A magnetic field is a region around a magnetic material or a moving electric charge where the force of magnetism acts.
  • Magnetic fields can affect other moving charges and magnetic materials.
  • Magnetic field lines are used to visualize the direction and strength of a magnetic field.
  • The lines emerge from the North pole and terminate at the South pole.
  • The closeness of field lines indicates the strength of the field.

Magnetic Field Properties

  • Tangent to the field lines shows the direction of the field.
  • Density of lines relates to strength—greater closeness means stronger field.
  • Field lines form closed loops starting and ending at the poles.
  • Lines never intersect.
  • The field direction is represented by a vector quantity.
  • The field is strongest near the poles.

Magnetic Flux

  • Magnetic flux is a measurement of the total magnetic field passing a given surface area.
  • Flux is represented by the symbol Φ (phi).
  • The SI unit of magnetic flux is the Weber (Wb).
  • Flux formula: Φ = B * A * cos θ, where:
    • B = magnetic field strength
    • A = area
    • θ = angle between the field and the area vector

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