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Questions and Answers
Who coined the term 'magnetism'?
What is magnetism a result of?
What is a characteristic of a magnetic field?
What type of magnetism do materials such as iron, nickel, and cobalt exhibit?
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What is the direction of the magnetic force?
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What is the equation that describes the magnetic force?
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Study Notes
Magnetism
Definition and History
- Magnetism is a physical phenomenon that arises from the interaction between magnetic fields and moving charges or changing electric fields.
- The ancient Greeks discovered magnetism in the naturally magnetized iron ore lodestone.
- William Gilbert, an English physician, coined the term "magnetism" in 1600 and published the first comprehensive treatise on the subject.
Magnetic Fields
- A magnetic field is a region around a magnet or electrical current where the magnetic force can be detected.
- It is a vector field that has both magnitude and direction.
- Magnetic fields are created by:
- Permanent magnets
- Electric currents (e.g., solenoids, coils)
- Changing electric fields
Magnetic Force
- The magnetic force is a force that arises from the interaction between magnetic fields and moving charges or changing electric fields.
- It is a vector force that acts perpendicular to the direction of motion and the magnetic field.
- The magnetic force is given by the Lorentz force equation:
F = q(E + v x B)
- Where F is the force, q is the charge, E is the electric field, v is the velocity, and B is the magnetic field.
Types of Magnetism
- Ferromagnetism: Permanent magnets, such as iron, nickel, and cobalt, exhibit strong magnetic fields.
- Paramagnetism: Materials, such as aluminum and oxygen, are weakly attracted to magnetic fields.
- Diamagnetism: Materials, such as copper and silver, are weakly repelled by magnetic fields.
- Electromagnets: Coils of wire wrapped around a core, such as iron, can be magnetized by an electric current.
Applications of Magnetism
- Electric motors: Convert electrical energy into mechanical energy using magnetic fields.
- Generators: Convert mechanical energy into electrical energy using magnetic fields.
- Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI): Uses magnetic fields and radio waves to produce images of the body.
- Magnetic storage: Uses magnetic fields to store data on devices such as hard drives and magnetic stripes.
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Description
Learn about the fundamental principles of magnetism, including its history, types, and applications in physics. Explore the definition, magnetic fields, force, and uses of magnetism in electric motors, generators, MRI, and data storage.
