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Questions and Answers
What is the primary source of magnetism?
Which type of magnetism is exhibited by materials with paired electrons?
What is the unit of measurement for magnetic field strength?
What is the force that acts on a moving charge or a current-carrying wire in a magnetic field?
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What is the purpose of electric motors in the context of magnetism?
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What is the equation that describes the Lorentz force?
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Study Notes
Magnetism
Definition
Magnetism is a physical phenomenon that arises from the interaction between magnetic fields and moving charges or changing electric fields.
Types of Magnetism
- Diamagnetism: a weak repulsion to magnetic fields, exhibited by materials with paired electrons (e.g., copper, silver).
- Paramagnetism: a weak attraction to magnetic fields, exhibited by materials with unpaired electrons (e.g., aluminum, oxygen).
- Ferromagnetism: a strong attraction to magnetic fields, exhibited by materials with unpaired electrons that are aligned (e.g., iron, nickel, cobalt).
Magnetic Fields
- Magnetic field lines: imaginary lines that emerge from the north pole and enter the south pole of a magnet.
- Magnetic field strength (B): measured in tesla (T), it is proportional to the number of magnetic field lines per unit area.
- Magnetic induction (Φ): the number of magnetic field lines passing through a given area.
Magnetic Forces
- Magnetic force (F): a force that acts on a moving charge or a current-carrying wire in a magnetic field.
- Lorentz force equation: F = q(E + v × B), where q is the charge, E is the electric field, v is the velocity, and B is the magnetic field.
Applications of Magnetism
- Electric motors: use magnetic forces to convert electrical energy into mechanical energy.
- Generators: use magnetic induction to convert mechanical energy into electrical energy.
- Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI): uses magnetic fields and radio waves to create detailed images of the body.
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Description
Test your knowledge of magnetism, including types of magnetism, magnetic fields, magnetic forces, and applications of magnetism.
