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Questions and Answers
A coil of wire is called a ______.
solenoid
The direction of the magnetic field around the wire can be determined by using the ______ hand rule.
right
Electric current produces mechanical ______.
motion
Electric generators convert mechanical energy to ______ energy.
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Nonmagnetic materials are ______ by a magnetic field.
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Ferromagnetic materials can be strongly ______.
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Examples of ferromagnetic materials include ______, nickel, and cobalt.
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Diamagnetic materials are weakly ______ by both poles of a magnetic field.
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The magnetic field is always represented as closed ______.
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The degree to which a material can be magnetized is referred to as magnetic ______.
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Like magnetic poles ______, unlike magnetic poles attract.
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The magnetic force of attraction or repulsion is proportional to the product of magnetic pole ______.
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Electricity and magnetism are intimately ______.
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Study Notes
Magnetism
- Magnetism is a fundamental property of matter that attracts iron.
- It is caused by an electric charge spinning on its own axis, creating a magnetic field.
- Magnetic fields are always closed loops, with a north and south pole (bipolar or dipolar).
Types of Magnetic Materials
- Ferromagnetic: Strongly magnetized, examples are iron, nickel, and cobalt.
- Paramagnetic: Weakly attracted to magnetic fields, example is gadolinium.
- Diamagnetic: Weakly repelled by magnetic fields, examples are water and plastic.
- Magnetic Susceptibility: The degree to which a material can be magnetized.
- Magnetic Permeability: The ability of a material to attract lines of magnetic field intensity.
Magnetic Laws
- Like magnetic poles repel, unlike magnetic poles attract.
- The strength of the magnetic force is proportional to the product of the pole strengths divided by the square of the distance between them (Gauss's Law).
- There is no smallest unit of magnetism.
Naturally Occurring Magnets
- Earth
- Lodestones
Artificially Induced Permanent Magnets
- Horseshoe magnet
- Bar magnet
Electromagnets
- Consist of a wire wrapped around an iron core.
- A magnetic field is created when electric current is conducted through the wire.
Nonmagnetic Materials
- Unaffected by a magnetic field.
- Examples are wood and glass.
Electromagnetism
- Electricity and magnetism are different facets of the same force, the electromagnetic force.
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Key figures:
- Luigi Galvani
- Alessandro Volta (invented the Voltaic pile)
- Hans Oersted (discovered that electricity can induce a magnetic field)
- The direction of the magnetic field around a wire can be determined using the right-hand rule.
Solenoid
- A coil of wire.
Induced Current
- The magnitude of the induced current depends on:
- Strength of the magnetic field
- Velocity of the magnetic field
- Angle of the conductor to the magnetic field
- Number of turns in the conductor
Electric Generator
- Converts mechanical energy into electrical energy (mechanical motion produces electric current).
Electric Motor
- Electric current produces mechanical motion.
Induction Motor
- Used in x-ray tubes to power the rotating anode.
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Description
This quiz covers essential concepts of magnetism, including types of magnetic materials and foundational laws governing magnetic interactions. Explore ferromagnetic, paramagnetic, and diamagnetic materials and learn how magnetic fields operate.
