Magical Consciousness in Childhood Experiences

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Questions and Answers

What did Descartes associate with individual human reasoning?

  • The body
  • Senses
  • Magical consciousness
  • The mind (correct)

What concept has largely impeded further examination of magical experiences according to Western cultural history?

  • Collective consciousness
  • Geometrical reasoning
  • Holistic engagement
  • Separation of spirit and matter (correct)

How does magical consciousness differ from general scientific terms regarding consciousness?

  • It sees consciousness as a brain product
  • It values senses over thoughts
  • It engages with material and non-material realities (correct)
  • It emphasizes individual reasoning

What did Descartes argue about the body in relation to consciousness?

<p>It acts on emotions and stimuli (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What did the Cartesian legacy primarily contribute to in Western culture?

<p>A heightened valuation of reason over experience (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the impact of Descartes' philosophy on science?

<p>It established a mechanistic worldview (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between magic and Western thought as suggested in the content?

<p>Magic is placed in opposition to scientific rationalism (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What aspect is valued in Western culture according to the content?

<p>Thought and rationality (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the author mean by 'magical consciousness'?

<p>An imaginal aspect of awareness experienced variably by individuals (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which professionals are mentioned as practitioners of magic?

<p>Witch doctors, medicine healers, spirit mediums, and shamans (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does the author describe the nature of magical consciousness?

<p>It varies in expression across cultures and contexts. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What personal experience does the author relate to the concept of magical consciousness?

<p>Fascination with rock pools and imagining being a sea dragon (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What methodological approach did the author adopt in their research on magic?

<p>Inclusion of personal experiences as a form of data (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What realization did the author come to regarding their role as an anthropologist studying magic?

<p>They should become part of the culture they studied. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the context where magical consciousness can be expressed?

<p>Throughout various cultures and historical periods (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the author suggest about the experience of magic?

<p>It can be experienced by all individuals to varying degrees. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is magical consciousness primarily characterized as?

<p>A type of imaginative associative thinking (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which social scientist's perspective sees magic as a cathartic release of emotional tension?

<p>Malinowski (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What aspect of magic does the author focus on in their integrative conceptual model?

<p>The imaginal experience of magic as a knowledge source (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a previous perspective on magic?

<p>Magic as a natural phenomenon (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What period did the author's fieldwork on British practitioners of magic begin?

<p>1990s (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does the author describe the relationship between magical consciousness and modernity?

<p>Magic contradicts modern rational progress (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is the concept of magic considered problematic in social sciences according to the author?

<p>It has been oversimplified and misunderstood (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the author's prior work on magicians focus on regarding their attitudes?

<p>The connection between magic and nature (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What did the segmented pattern around the dragon's head represent in the narrator's imagination?

<p>Different hemispheres of the brain (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the narrator suggest about the nature of belief in spirits while engaging in magical consciousness?

<p>The existence of spirits is irrelevant to communication with them. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does the narrator describe their experience with the 'dragon stone'?

<p>As a gateway to other dimensions of experience. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which aspect of consciousness does the narrator associate with the dragon stone?

<p>Magical consciousness (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the narrator conclude about the nature of their childhood relationship with the dragon?

<p>It involved communication with an imaginal spirit entity. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was a primary aim of the author's fieldwork with British magicians?

<p>To create a bridge between magical practice and academic discourse (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How did Edward Tylor describe magic in his work?

<p>As the most pernicious delusion that ever vexed mankind (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What dilemma does the narrator identify concerning the belief in spirits?

<p>Beliefs about spirits can limit alternative perceptions. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements best captures the author's approach to studying magic?

<p>There is value in understanding magical practices from an anthropological perspective. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What might hinder the acceptance of an alternative perception afforded by magical consciousness?

<p>Rigid beliefs about the nature of reality. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What aspect of magical consciousness does the author aim to explore in their upcoming book?

<p>The fundamental conceptual and experiential aspects of thinking magically (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What realization did the narrator have while examining the dragon stone?

<p>The stone allows movement between different dimensions of awareness. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following scholars viewed magic as a negative and private activity opposed to public religion?

<p>Émile Durkheim (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the author believe a bridge of communication can achieve regarding the study of magic?

<p>It can deepen understanding of the complexities of magic. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In what way did James Frazer regard magic, according to the content?

<p>As a legitimate form of scientific inquiry that failed (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What did the author aim to achieve with the encyclopaedia on magic and witchcraft?

<p>To make anthropological ideas on magic more accessible to a general audience (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the effect of the incorporation of magical ideas into reformed natural knowledge?

<p>It resulted in denouncing magic as a source of false beliefs. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What major shift did magical traditions contribute to during the Scientific Revolution?

<p>From scholastic natural philosophy to empirical natural philosophy. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the outcome of natural magic's absorption into natural philosophy?

<p>Natural magic was largely forgotten and portrayed as superstition. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

During the Enlightenment, how were occult phenomena viewed?

<p>As mere superstitions from a primitive past. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What perspective did the Enlightenment seek to challenge?

<p>The traditional attitudes of religion and politics. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is suggested about the experience of magic in contemporary views?

<p>It continues to be viewed with general distrust. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the author suggest is necessary for social scientists to address the question of 'what is magic'?

<p>To reconcile with the historical split of magical traditions. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How was God perceived during the Enlightenment in relation to the world?

<p>As the creator of a perfect rational machine. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Imaginative Associative Thinking

A type of cognitive process that involves associating ideas and images, often drawing on intuitive and emotional connections, rather than relying on logical analysis.

Magical Consciousness

A way of knowing based on intuitive insight, symbolism, and the power of the imagination. It contrasts with rational, scientific modes of thought.

The Otherworld

The ability to perceive and interact with a non-physical reality, often encountered through dreams, visions, or altered states of consciousness.

Inferiority of Magic

The idea that magical thinking is a relic of primitive societies that has been superseded by more rational scientific thought.

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Social Functions of Magic

The study of how magic functions within social contexts, exploring its role in rituals, beliefs, and social cohesion.

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Magic as a Counterpoint to Modernity

A form of analysis that examines how magic holds up against the norms and values of modern society, particularly regarding rationality and progress.

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Experiential Ethnography

A research method that involves immersing oneself in a culture or group to understand their experience from their perspective, often incorporating personal insights and reflections.

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Magic as a Legitimate Source of Knowledge

The idea that magic, while not necessarily inferior to science, operates differently and offers a unique way of knowing and understanding the world.

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Anthropology of Magic

The study of magic as a cultural phenomenon and a way of knowing, focusing on how people experience and practice it in different societies.

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Turning Native

The act of putting yourself in the perspective of the people you study, understanding their beliefs and experiences from their point of view.

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Including Yourself as an Informant

To include yourself as a participant in the research, providing first-hand experiences and insights into the topic being studied.

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Imaginal Reality

The ability to experience or understand something beyond the realm of physical reality, relying on imagination, intuition, and possibly spiritual or magical elements.

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Medicine Healers, Witch Doctors, Shamans

Individuals who have developed a strong connection with the spiritual or supernatural realm, often using their knowledge to heal, guide, or influence others.

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Serendipity

An element of surprise or unexpected good fortune, often seen as related to the magical or spiritual realm.

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Instrumental Practice of Magic

A form of communication or expression that relies on symbols, rituals, or practices, often with the intention of influencing the physical or spiritual world.

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Bridge of Communication

A deliberate effort to connect the field of magic, often considered esoteric or mystical, with academic discourse, aiming to bridge the gap between practitioners and scholars.

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Anthropology

The study of human societies and cultures, particularly in regard to their social structures, beliefs, and practices. It often employs fieldwork and ethnographic methods to understand diverse human experiences.

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Scientific Understanding

A form of knowledge that is acquired through reasoning, logic, and observation, often characterized by reliance on empirical evidence and systematic methods.

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Thinking Magically

The ability to think and act in a way that defies traditional frameworks of logic and reason, often incorporating intuition, symbolism, and belief in the power of magical forces.

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Fundamental Aspects of Magical Consciousness

Conceptual and Experiential Aspects of Magical Thinking

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Anthropological Inquiry for Magical Consciousness

A deliberate effort to use anthropological methods to understand and communicate about magic, particularly the experiences and perspectives of practitioners.

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Interactive Space of Magical Consciousness

A space where communication with imagined entities might occur, a realm where magical consciousness can interact with entities beyond the physical realm.

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Fluid Thinking

The ability to shift between two different states of awareness, symbolized by the two halves of the dragon stone.

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Right Hemisphere

The right hemisphere of the brain is associated with creative, intuitive, and holistic thinking.

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Left Hemisphere

The left hemisphere of the brain is associated with analytical, logical, and linear thinking.

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Belief and Magical Consciousness

When someone is in a state of magical consciousness, their belief or disbelief in spirits becomes irrelevant for their experience.

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The Straitjacket of Belief

The belief in spirits or the existence of the supernatural can limit our ability to explore alternative perceptions.

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Alternative Perception

To have an alternative perception, we need to shift our awareness to a state of magical consciousness.

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The Dragon Stone

The stone with a segmented pattern represents the two hemispheres of the brain, symbolizing the duality of our thinking.

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The Cartesian Split

A philosophical shift that separated the mind from the body, favoring rational thought over sensory experience.

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Rationalism

The idea that true knowledge comes only from reason and logic, leaving little room for intuitive or mystical experiences.

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Mechanical Philosophy

The philosophical perspective that sees the world as a complex machine, governed by mathematical laws and impersonal forces.

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The Enlightenment

A period of significant cultural and intellectual change in Europe, emphasized reason, scientific inquiry, and the rejection of traditional beliefs, often considering magical practices as superstition.

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Absorption of Magic into Science

The process by which elements of magic, particularly natural magic, were absorbed into the developing scientific framework, ultimately contributing to the rise of modern science.

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Natural Magic

A type of magic focused on understanding and manipulating the natural world through observation, experimentation, and practical applications.

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Magic as Superstition

The belief that magic is an outdated and inferior way of knowing the world, superseded by the more rational and reliable methods of science.

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Magic as Legitimate Knowledge

The idea that magic is a legitimate source of knowledge and understanding, existing alongside science and offering a unique perspective on the world and its workings.

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Study Notes

Magical Consciousness: A Legitimate Form of Knowledge

  • An old photograph depicts a seven-year-old child on a beach, excited by the rock pools.
  • Parts of the chapter draw upon the author's earlier work on the anthropology of magic.
  • The author's personal experience of arriving at the seaside as a child, and the image of a sea dragon, is central to the discussion of magical consciousness.

Contemporary Voices

  • A photograph of the author's childhood experience at the seaside is described recalling the thrill of arrival and fascination with rock pools containing anemones, crabs, and shrimps.
  • Entering these "pools of otherness" led the author to imagining herself as a sea dragon, showcasing an expanded awareness.
  • The child's imaginal engagement with the environment foreshadows the concept of magical consciousness.
  • The author argues that anthropologists must "turn native" to fully explore and understand this concept.

Magic and the Imagination

  • The author suggests that magical consciousness is a form of imaginative associative thinking distinct from analytical thought.
  • It's a specific type of thinking with historical and cross-cultural forms.
  • The author discusses the importance of including the self as an informant in research on magic.

A Bridge of Communication

  • The author aims to establish a "bridge of communication" between practitioners of magic and academics to better understand magical consciousness.
  • It's important to consider various forms of magic and academic discourse on magic.

The Split Between Spirit and Matter

  • Magical consciousness has a holistic view of material and non-material realities.
  • Historical separation of spirit and matter (e.g., Descartes) has hampered our understanding of magic.

Thinking That Is Not Contemporary

  • The author looks at the ways in which contemporary thinkers regard magic in contrast with previous views.
  • The study of magical consciousness draws on intellectual and cultural history.
  • This is important for establishing magical consciousness as a legitimate form of knowledge.

Conclusion

  • Magical consciousness is a human experience that is influenced by a variety of factors.
  • The concept of magic has a common, underling aspect to it, despite being manifested in varied and diverse ways.
  • The study of magic requires insights from various disciplines.

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