Magadhan Age: Terms and Description

Adhyakshas = Administrative personnel who filled the highest administrative and judicial posts Amatyas = Officers who looked after various departments Ayuktas = Title of an officer often used in the Mauryan period Gopa = Chief priest

Bhaga = A type of tax during Ashokan period Gopa = Chief priest Grambhojaka = Head of the village Dhammamahamatra = Officers of righteousness

Gramika = Head of the village Grambhojaka = Helped by Gramika Gopa and Sthanika = Intermediate level administration Ayuktas = Title of an officer often used in the Mauryan period

Amatyas = Administrative personnel who filled the highest administrative and judicial posts Dhammamahamatra = Officers of righteousness Gopa and Sthanika = Intermediate level administration Ayuktas = Title of an officer often used in the Mauryan period

Bhaga = A type of tax during Ashokan period Grambhojaka = Helped by Gramika Gramika = chosen among village elders Adhyakshas = Officers who looked after various departments

Dhammamahamatra = Officers of righteousness Gopa = Chief priest Grambhojaka = Head of the village Ayuktas = Title of an officer often used in the Mauryan period

Kalinga = Odisha Anga = Present day Bhagalpur Malla = Present day area around Kusinagar Chedi = Eastern Bundelkhand

Ahimsa = Non-injury Asteya = Non-stealing Aparigraha = Non-Possession Brahmacharya = Observing Celibacy

Mahashilakantaka = War engine that catapulted big stones Rathamusala = Kind of chariot with a mace Santhagara = Assembly hall of Gana Salaka Gahpaka = Collector of vote in Gana

Anekantavada = Theory of relative pluralism Anuvratas = Members who observed the 5 principles Arihant = Blessed one Digambaras = A sect of Jainism that prefers nudity

Kammika = Royal custom official Rajbhatas = Royal officials to protect the property of traders-travellers Setthi = A rich businessman Sresthi = Bankers

Kaivalya = Omniscience in Jainism Kevalin = Perfect learned Mahavira = The brave Nigranthas = Free from all bonds

Ekrat = Sole Sovereign Title used for Mahananda Gana = Tribal Republic/oligarchies Ganika = Accomplished courtesan Nivartan and Kulyavapa = Units of land measurement

Avadhi jnana = Clairvoyant perception Jaina = One who conquered his senses Mati jnana = Perception through activity of sense organs Shruta jnana = Knowledge revealed by scriptures

Panchala = Rohilkhand Matsya = Jaipur Sartha = Caravans Sita = State’s land

Arihant = Blessed one Digambaras = A sect of Jainism that prefers nudity Jaina = One who conquered his senses Mahavira = The brave

Pramukha = President of the Shrenis (guilds) Rajukas = Officers of Ashokan period who were vested with authority of punishing and rewarding people Samhartha = Revenue collector during Mauryas. Treasurer and keeper of the stores during Mauryas Yuktas = Subordinate official whose duties were largely secretarial works and accounting

Rathakara = Chariot maker Satamana = A silver coin which weighed about 180 grains Skandhavaras = Military camps Varnasankara = Intermixture of varnas or social orders

Senapati = Commander-in-chief Strategos = Governors in Central Asian kingdoms Sannidhata = Keeper of the stores during Mauryas Samhartha = Revenue collector during Mauryas

Samatata = South-East Bengal Rathakara = Chariot maker Skandhavaras = Military camps Varnasankara = Intermixture of varnas or social orders

Yuktas = Subordinate official whose duties were largely secretarial works and accounting Rajukas = Officers of Ashokan period who were vested with authority of punishing and rewarding people Pramukha = President of the Shrenis (guilds) Sannidhata = Keeper of the stores during Mauryas

Satamana = A silver coin which weighed about 180 grains Skandhavaras = Military camps Samhartha = Revenue collector during Mauryas. Treasurer and keeper of the stores during Mauryas Varnasankara = Intermixture of varnas or social orders

Stridhana = Immovable property that a woman holds Vrishali = Shudra women meant for pleasure Uparakshitha = Troops in royal service during Satavahanas Valaikkarars = Feudatories of Satavahanas

Devaputra = A title associated with Shunga rulers Devkula = A temple of dead Kushan King Yueh-chi = A Chinese tribal clan associated with Kushan rulers Khatiya-dapa-mana-mada = Gautamiputra Satkarni

Parihar = Exemption from immunity Vrata kshatriya = Associated with the caste group Mahabhoja = Second Grade Feudatories of Satavahanas Dinarii = Roman gold coin which left its impression

Satavahanas = A royal dynasty Kushan = A royal dynasty Shudra = A caste group Buddhist = A religion

Gautamiputra Satkarni = One who destroyed the pride of Kshatria Satavahanas = A royal dynasty Kushan = A Chinese tribal clan Shunga = A title associated with rulers

Feudatories = Localized rulers Troops = Military forces Immovable property = Land or building Caste group = Social hierarchy

Uparakshitha = Satavahanas Valaikkarars = Satavahanas Devkula = Kushan King Dinarii = Roman gold coin

Meeting hall = A place for Buddhist monks and lay worshippers Vrata kshatriya = A caste group Stridhana = Property owned by a woman Parihar = Immunity

Amin = Revenue officials Fauzdar = Administrative head of Sarkar Kotwa = Officer to maintain law and order Mansabdar = Mughal officer with civil as well as military responsibility

Dahsala = Mughal land revenue system Kankut = Land revenue by estimate Rai = Revenue collection method based on yield per unit area Zabti = Revenue collection method based on yield of crops

Diwan = The head of revenue department Mirbakshi = Royal paymaster Sadur-us-sadar = Head of Ulema Waquinavis = Royal News reporter

Ijara system = Revenue-Farming Jins-i-kamil = Perfect crops Khalisa = Land held and managed directly by the state Mulk-i-jadid = Newly conquered area

Faujdari = Administrative head of Sarkar Khanzada = Elite social class Muhtasib = Officer appointed to maintain regulations in a municipality Siqdar = Administrative head of Paragana

Amin = Revenue officials Karori = Royal official incharge of land yielding one crore tanka as revenue Pahikast = Outsider peasant Patwari = Village Accountant

Kharbandi = Scrubland Khawajasara = A slave eunuch Mandal = Village headman Sair Hasil = Most paying Jagir

Dastur-ul-amal = Rule book Jarib = Land measuring rod Mujtahid Iman-i-Adil = Final interpreter of Islamic Law Tauhid-i-ilahi = Unity of divine being

Bhaoli = The crops are reaped stacked and divided in presence of party Khet batai = Division of field Lang Batai = Division of heap Taqsimat = Revenue estimate

Chahar Bag = A huge garden Diwan-i-khas-i-oam = The ceremonial hall of Public and Private Audience Hasht Bishti = A Central hall surrounded by eight rooms Pietraduara = Technique in which precious stones are used for decoration