Questions and Answers
Who is Dr. Galati?
A doctor who inherited a farm from family.
What is the process of initiation?
Smearing blood on a holy picture; there is Catholic symbolism.
How do you introduce yourself as mafia?
You don't; you never do.
Who is Baron Turrisi?
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What did Baron Turrisi do?
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Which researchers traveled to Sicily to independently research the mafia?
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Which story involved a priest?
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Why is violence valuable?
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What is the 'violence industry'?
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How did 'maffia' get its name?
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What happened in the play?
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What does the chapter show about mafia and politics?
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Who are the two main political parties discussed?
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How did the political situation intensify?
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Who was Nicotera Giovanni?
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What is Favara and what's in it?
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Who are the fratellanza?
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Who is Cesare Lombroso?
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What did Cesare Lombroso do?
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Who is Giuseppe Alongi?
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What did Giuseppe Alongi do?
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Who was Notarbartolo?
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Who was Palizzolo?
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What did Palizzolo do?
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What were the outcomes of the trial related to Notarbartolo?
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What are the fasci and the gabelloti?
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Where was the fasci popular?
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What did the Italian government do about the fasci?
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Who are the two characters in 'The Man with Hair on his Heart'?
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Summary of Mussolini?
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Summary of Mori?
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What was the Siege of Gangi?
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What happened to the mafia under Mori/Mussolini?
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Setting the scene (1901-1913) regarding Joe Petrosino?
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Who was Joe Petrosino?
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What was found in the body in the barrel?
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How did the mafia operate in NYC?
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What is the role of the Mafia boss in the 'violence industry'?
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What were MP Tajani's main revelations on the existence of the Mafia in the 1875 parliamentary debate?
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What were the two reasons why the Sangiorgi report was a 'missed opportunity'?
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What was the role of the mafia in the 1860 Italian revolution?
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What were the Fasci Siciliani, and when and by whom were they suppressed?
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What was the Black Hand and what character does he represent in The Godfather II?
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Why did the interpretation of the Mafia as 'mirror of a traditional society' prove to be wrong according to historian Salvatore Lupo?
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How did the Mafia get its name?
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Why did Franchetti argue that the Italian State was 'untrustworthy'?
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What kind of response did the Italian government give to the problem of organized crime between 1860 and 1876?
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What was significant about 1943?
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What happened during the Italian civil war from 1943 to 1945?
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What happened in 1945?
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What did Sicily achieve in 1946?
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What significant events occurred in 1947?
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What occurred in 1948?
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What happened in 1950?
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Why does Sicily want to be autonomous?
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Why did Guiliano's bandits kill people at Porta Della Ginestra?
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Study Notes
Dr. Galati and the Lemon Garden
- Dr. Galati is a doctor who inherited a farm from his family.
Initiation
- The initiation process involves smearing blood on a holy picture, symbolizing Catholic rituals.
- Introductions are avoided in the mafia; members do not formally introduce themselves.
Baron Turrisi Colonna and the 'Sect'
- Baron Turrisi Colonna was an elite landowner and MP from Palermo.
- He authored a book in 1864 detailing the mafia's role in the citrus industry and smuggling activities.
The Violence Industry
- Researchers Franchetti and Sonnino independently studied the mafia in Sicily.
- A notable story recounts a priest who was murdered by a cousin, witnessed by a tax inspector who later faced accusations.
- Violence is considered a valuable form of capital within the mafia.
- Mafia groups, under boss leadership, invest violence in commercial ventures to extort protection money and create monopolies.
So-Called Maffia: How the Mafia Got its Name
- The term "maffia" became popularized by the 1860s play "I Mafiusi De La Vicara," which depicted prison society reflecting mafia values, such as protection and hierarchy.
An Instrument of Local Government
- The mafia's integration into Italian politics is examined.
- The Left consisted of Southern/Sicilian MPs supporting increased government spending and democracy.
- The Right included wealthy northern landowners favoring conservative policies.
- Tensions escalated as Right members accused the Left of mafia associations, leading to a failed parliamentary inquiry initiated by Diego Tajani.
- Nicotera Giovanni, as the New Minister of the Interior, attempted a crackdown on crime while engaging covertly with mafiosi, establishing a model of cooperation.
The Favara Brotherhood: The Mafia in Sulphur Country
- Favara is a town near Palermo known for its sulphur mines.
- The fratellanza was a brotherhood managing the mines, leveraging government neglect to extort business protection.
- Brotherhood loyalty often superseded familial bonds, with members sometimes compelled to kill relatives to prove allegiance.
Primitives
- Cesare Lombroso was a leading criminologist in Italy, claiming criminals could be identified by specific physical traits.
- He argued the mafia was a socially primitive entity born from Sicily's economic deprivation.
- Giuseppe Alongi, a policeman, criticized Sicilians for being egotistical and incapable of maintaining organizations with fixed rules, noting the luxurious lifestyles of mafiosos.
The Notarbartolo Murder
- Notarbartolo was the Palermo mayor attempting to expose mafia activities in banking.
- Palizzolo, a politician connected to the mafia, secured votes through favors, kidnapped Notarbartolo, and had him brutally murdered by being stabbed 27 times.
- The ensuing trial resulted in the condemnation of Palizzolo and other mafiosi. Palizzolo committed suicide to evade further prosecution.
Socialism, Fascism, Mafia
- The fasci represented Sicilian peasant unions, while gabelloti served as intermediaries connecting farmers and peasants to the mafia.
- The fasci gained traction in Corleone due to significant inequality.
- The Italian government outlawed the fasci and used military force to suppress its members.
The Man with Hair on his Heart
- Characters include Mussolini, who rose to power by marching on Rome in 1922, and Mori, appointed as prefect of Palermo.
- Mori, with a background in the army and police, waged war against the mafia during the Siege of Gangi, leading to the arrest of over 400 individuals.
- Under Mussolini, the mafia faced intense suppression, with many members arrested without trials and left with few options like immigration or political bargaining.
Joe Petrosino
- Joe Petrosino symbolizes the Italian-American law enforcement heroism during the early 1900s.
- He sought to combat mafia influence in America, rising through the police ranks and solving significant criminal cases.
- The discovery of a body in a barrel linked to Morello's gang led to witness intimidation and complex mafia maneuvers.
Test Answers
- The mafia boss was characterized as a capitalist, impresario, and manager in the 1876 inquiry.
- MP Tajani revealed the right's encouragement of police collaboration with the mafia.
- The Sangiorgi report faltered due to inadequate prosecution and governmental disregard.
- The mafia supported the 1860 Italian revolution.
- The Fasci Siciliani were socialist cooperatives suppressed by the government.
- The Black Hand, represented by Don Fanucci in Godfather II, highlighted organized crime's influence.
- Historian Salvatore Lupo criticized the notion of the mafia as a traditional societal reflection, emphasizing its growth in more affluent societies.
- The name "maffia" derives from an influential play reflecting mafia values, released in the 1860s.
- Franchetti deemed the Italian State "untrustworthy" for failing to assert monopolistic control over violence.
- The government's response to organized crime (1860-1876) was primarily military-based.
Key Dates
- 1943: Operation Husky, where allies invaded Sicily with mafia assistance.
- 1945: End of World War II, initiating a separatist war.
- 1946: Sicily gained autonomy.
- 1947: Cold War began, significant elections in Sicily with communist victories.
- 1948: Democratic Christians won Italy's national elections.
- 1950: Death of Guiliano.
- Sicily sought autonomy due to communist expansion fears.
- The attack at Porta Della Ginestra was motivated by convergence between the mafia, bandits, and anti-communist interests.
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