Macronutrients Overview

The process of breaking down food into smaller molecules that the body can absorb. It involves both mechanical processes like chewing and chemical processes involving enzymes.

The process by which digested nutrients are transported into the bloodstream, enabling the body to utilize them.

The practice of handling, storing, and preparing food in a way that minimizes the risk of foodborne illnesses.

When the body lacks sufficient amounts of essential nutrients, leading to various health issues.

Consuming excessive amounts of certain nutrients, which can also have negative health consequences.

Carbohydrates are the main source of energy for our bodies. They are broken down into glucose, which is used by our cells. Simple carbs like sugar are digested quickly, while complex carbs like starches are digested more slowly, providing sustained energy. Fiber is complex carb crucial for digestive health.

Proteins are essential for building and repairing tissues, producing enzymes and hormones, and supporting our immune system. They are made from amino acids, some of which our body can produce, while others must come from food. Complete proteins contain all essential amino acids and are found in animal sources.

Fats are important for hormone production, nutrient absorption, and insulation. Unsaturated fats are generally healthier than saturated fats and found in plant-based foods. Trans fats, often found in processed foods, are especially unhealthy.

Vitamins are organic compounds needed in small amounts for various bodily functions, including growth, development, and metabolism. They are categorized as fat-soluble (stored in the body) or water-soluble (not stored).

Minerals are inorganic elements essential for regulating bodily functions, such as fluid balance, nerve transmission, and muscle contraction. Examples include calcium, iron, potassium, and zinc. Each mineral plays a specific role in keeping us healthy.

Energy balance is the relationship between the calories we consume and the calories we burn. Eating more calories than we burn leads to weight gain, while burning more than we eat can lead to weight loss. Calorie needs vary based on age, activity level, and gender.

Dietary guidelines provide recommendations for healthy eating patterns, emphasizing consuming a variety of nutrient-rich foods, limiting processed foods, and maintaining a healthy weight. It's about making choices that support optimal health.

They contain all the essential amino acids, which means they provide all the building blocks our bodies need to produce proteins.