Macronutrients and Nutrients in Biochemistry Chapter 27 Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What is the function of glycine in the body?

  • Principal inhibitory transmitter in the brain stem and spinal cord
  • Required for detoxification reactions in the liver (correct)
  • Precursor of the neurotransmitter serotonin
  • Occurs at every 3rd amino acid residue in collagen

    • Which amino acid is a precursor of nitric oxide?

  • Histidine
  • Arginine (correct)
  • Lysine
  • Tryptophan

    • What is the main function of arginine in the body?

  • Precursor of NO and creatine (correct)
  • Acts as an ammonia scavenger
  • Principal inhibitory transmitter in the brain stem and spinal cord
  • Required for detoxification reactions in the liver

    • Which amino acid interacts with glutamine during blood clotting?

    <p>Lysine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of tryptophan in the body?

    <p>Precursor of the neurotransmitter serotonin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In terms of nutritional quality, what distinguishes first-class protein from second-class protein?

    <p>Availability and content of indispensable amino acids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does PDCAAS stand for in the context of evaluating protein quality?

    <p>Protein Digestibility-Corrected Amino Acid Scoring</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which protein is mentioned as lysine deficient but methionine rich?

    <p>Wheat</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main characteristic of Kwashiorkor, a form of Protein-Energy Malnutrition (PEM)?

    <p>Pure protein deficiency</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which scenario would you expect a negative nitrogen balance according to the text?

    <p>Inadequate dietary protein during physiological stress</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the approximate daily protein requirement for pregnant or lactating women, according to the text?

    <p>~30g/day</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which physiological response leads to an accelerated rate of lipolysis and proteolysis?

    <p>Release of glucocorticoids and interleukin-6</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can happen if the kidneys cannot concentrate urine?

    <p>Dehydration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why do high protein diets increase water loss?

    <p>They cause competition for absorption among amino acids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What risk do infants face due to their immature kidneys?

    <p>Dehydration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is it concerning when weight lifters take supplements of arginine?

    <p>Arginine competes with lysine for absorption, upsetting amino acid balance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can trigger food allergies according to the text?

    <p>Absorption of incompletely digested proteins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many essential amino acids are there according to the text?

    <p>9</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which amino acid is considered semi-essential?

    <p>Histidine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of glycine in the body as mentioned in the text?

    <p>Detoxifies reactions in the liver</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which amino acid is a precursor of heme synthesis, inhibitory transmitter in the brain stem, and occurs frequently in collagen?

    <p>Glycine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of lysine residue when factor X111a converts fibrin polymer?

    <p>Forms high tensile strength clots</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In protein metabolism, what role does histidine play as mentioned in the text?

    <p>Forms an inhibitory transmitter in the brain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main physiological function of arginine as described in the text?

    <p>Serves as a precursor of nitric oxide</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which amino acid serves as a fuel for intestinal enterocytes and plays a crucial role in nitrogen transport?

    <p>Glutamine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which measure is used to evaluate protein quality based on amino acid profile and digestibility?

    <p>Protein-Deficiency Corrected Amino Acid Scoring (PDCAAS)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What condition is characterized by inadequate dietary protein intake and lack of an essential amino acid during stress like trauma, burns, illness, or surgery?

    <p>Protein-Energy Malnutrition (PEM)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary reason many individuals suffering from Protein-Energy Malnutrition (PEM) die from secondary infection rather than starvation?

    <p>Diminished Immune Response</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the approximate daily protein requirement for athletes according to the text?

    <p>$1.0g/kg$ of body weight</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which scenario would result in a negative nitrogen balance according to the text?

    <p>Losses exceeding intake</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In what form of Protein-Energy Malnutrition (PEM) do individuals typically experience a diminished cell-mediated immune response?

    <p>Maramus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the potential consequence of using supplements of arginine and lysine together?

    <p>Upset amino acid balance in the body</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why are high protein diets associated with increased water loss?

    <p>Protein metabolism leads to increased urea elimination</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do immature kidneys of infants differ from mature kidneys in terms of urine concentration?

    <p>Immature kidneys excrete more fluid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role does glutamine play during the clotting process?

    <p>Aids in platelet aggregation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is it problematic when protein fragments cause allergies?

    <p>They enhance immune response</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does urea elimination relate to the absorption of amino acids with similar structures?

    <p>Urea competes with amino acids for absorption</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a concern related to the absorption of protein fragments without complete digestion?

    <p>Triggering of food allergies</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do essential and non-essential amino acids differ?

    <p>Essential amino acids cannot be produced by the body.</p> Signup and view all the answers

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