39 Questions
What is the function of glycine in the body?
Required for detoxification reactions in the liver
Which amino acid is a precursor of nitric oxide?
Arginine
What is the main function of arginine in the body?
Precursor of NO and creatine
Which amino acid interacts with glutamine during blood clotting?
Lysine
What is the primary function of tryptophan in the body?
Precursor of the neurotransmitter serotonin
In terms of nutritional quality, what distinguishes first-class protein from second-class protein?
Availability and content of indispensable amino acids
What does PDCAAS stand for in the context of evaluating protein quality?
Protein Digestibility-Corrected Amino Acid Scoring
Which protein is mentioned as lysine deficient but methionine rich?
Wheat
What is the main characteristic of Kwashiorkor, a form of Protein-Energy Malnutrition (PEM)?
Pure protein deficiency
In which scenario would you expect a negative nitrogen balance according to the text?
Inadequate dietary protein during physiological stress
What is the approximate daily protein requirement for pregnant or lactating women, according to the text?
~30g/day
Which physiological response leads to an accelerated rate of lipolysis and proteolysis?
Release of glucocorticoids and interleukin-6
What can happen if the kidneys cannot concentrate urine?
Dehydration
Why do high protein diets increase water loss?
They cause competition for absorption among amino acids
What risk do infants face due to their immature kidneys?
Dehydration
Why is it concerning when weight lifters take supplements of arginine?
Arginine competes with lysine for absorption, upsetting amino acid balance
What can trigger food allergies according to the text?
Absorption of incompletely digested proteins
How many essential amino acids are there according to the text?
9
Which amino acid is considered semi-essential?
Histidine
What is the main function of glycine in the body as mentioned in the text?
Detoxifies reactions in the liver
Which amino acid is a precursor of heme synthesis, inhibitory transmitter in the brain stem, and occurs frequently in collagen?
Glycine
What is the primary role of lysine residue when factor X111a converts fibrin polymer?
Forms high tensile strength clots
In protein metabolism, what role does histidine play as mentioned in the text?
Forms an inhibitory transmitter in the brain
What is the main physiological function of arginine as described in the text?
Serves as a precursor of nitric oxide
Which amino acid serves as a fuel for intestinal enterocytes and plays a crucial role in nitrogen transport?
Glutamine
Which measure is used to evaluate protein quality based on amino acid profile and digestibility?
Protein-Deficiency Corrected Amino Acid Scoring (PDCAAS)
What condition is characterized by inadequate dietary protein intake and lack of an essential amino acid during stress like trauma, burns, illness, or surgery?
Protein-Energy Malnutrition (PEM)
What is the primary reason many individuals suffering from Protein-Energy Malnutrition (PEM) die from secondary infection rather than starvation?
Diminished Immune Response
What is the approximate daily protein requirement for athletes according to the text?
$1.0g/kg$ of body weight
Which scenario would result in a negative nitrogen balance according to the text?
Losses exceeding intake
In what form of Protein-Energy Malnutrition (PEM) do individuals typically experience a diminished cell-mediated immune response?
Maramus
What is the potential consequence of using supplements of arginine and lysine together?
Upset amino acid balance in the body
Why are high protein diets associated with increased water loss?
Protein metabolism leads to increased urea elimination
How do immature kidneys of infants differ from mature kidneys in terms of urine concentration?
Immature kidneys excrete more fluid
What role does glutamine play during the clotting process?
Aids in platelet aggregation
Why is it problematic when protein fragments cause allergies?
They enhance immune response
How does urea elimination relate to the absorption of amino acids with similar structures?
Urea competes with amino acids for absorption
What is a concern related to the absorption of protein fragments without complete digestion?
Triggering of food allergies
How do essential and non-essential amino acids differ?
Essential amino acids cannot be produced by the body.
Test your knowledge on macronutrients, nutrients, and their functions in the context of metabolism, nutrition, and health. Explore topics such as the role of ethanol in caloric intake, Dietary Reference Intake (DRI), and the functions of proteins.
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