Macronutrients and Nutrients in Biochemistry Chapter 27 Quiz

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What is the function of glycine in the body?

Principal inhibitory transmitter in the brain stem and spinal cord

Required for detoxification reactions in the liver (correct)

Precursor of the neurotransmitter serotonin

Occurs at every 3rd amino acid residue in collagen

Which amino acid is a precursor of nitric oxide?

Histidine

Arginine (correct)

Lysine

Tryptophan

What is the main function of arginine in the body?

Precursor of NO and creatine (correct)

Acts as an ammonia scavenger

Principal inhibitory transmitter in the brain stem and spinal cord

Required for detoxification reactions in the liver

Which amino acid interacts with glutamine during blood clotting?

Lysine Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of tryptophan in the body?

Precursor of the neurotransmitter serotonin Signup and view all the answers

In terms of nutritional quality, what distinguishes first-class protein from second-class protein?

Availability and content of indispensable amino acids Signup and view all the answers

What does PDCAAS stand for in the context of evaluating protein quality?

Protein Digestibility-Corrected Amino Acid Scoring Signup and view all the answers

Which protein is mentioned as lysine deficient but methionine rich?

Wheat Signup and view all the answers

What is the main characteristic of Kwashiorkor, a form of Protein-Energy Malnutrition (PEM)?

Pure protein deficiency Signup and view all the answers

In which scenario would you expect a negative nitrogen balance according to the text?

Inadequate dietary protein during physiological stress Signup and view all the answers

What is the approximate daily protein requirement for pregnant or lactating women, according to the text?

~30g/day Signup and view all the answers

Which physiological response leads to an accelerated rate of lipolysis and proteolysis?

Release of glucocorticoids and interleukin-6 Signup and view all the answers

What can happen if the kidneys cannot concentrate urine?

Dehydration Signup and view all the answers

Why do high protein diets increase water loss?

They cause competition for absorption among amino acids Signup and view all the answers

What risk do infants face due to their immature kidneys?

Dehydration Signup and view all the answers

Why is it concerning when weight lifters take supplements of arginine?

Arginine competes with lysine for absorption, upsetting amino acid balance Signup and view all the answers

What can trigger food allergies according to the text?

Absorption of incompletely digested proteins Signup and view all the answers

How many essential amino acids are there according to the text?

9 Signup and view all the answers

Which amino acid is considered semi-essential?

Histidine Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of glycine in the body as mentioned in the text?

Detoxifies reactions in the liver Signup and view all the answers

Which amino acid is a precursor of heme synthesis, inhibitory transmitter in the brain stem, and occurs frequently in collagen?

Glycine Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of lysine residue when factor X111a converts fibrin polymer?

Forms high tensile strength clots Signup and view all the answers

In protein metabolism, what role does histidine play as mentioned in the text?

Forms an inhibitory transmitter in the brain Signup and view all the answers

What is the main physiological function of arginine as described in the text?

Serves as a precursor of nitric oxide Signup and view all the answers

Which amino acid serves as a fuel for intestinal enterocytes and plays a crucial role in nitrogen transport?

Glutamine Signup and view all the answers

Which measure is used to evaluate protein quality based on amino acid profile and digestibility?

Protein-Deficiency Corrected Amino Acid Scoring (PDCAAS) Signup and view all the answers

What condition is characterized by inadequate dietary protein intake and lack of an essential amino acid during stress like trauma, burns, illness, or surgery?

Protein-Energy Malnutrition (PEM) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary reason many individuals suffering from Protein-Energy Malnutrition (PEM) die from secondary infection rather than starvation?

Diminished Immune Response Signup and view all the answers

What is the approximate daily protein requirement for athletes according to the text?

$1.0g/kg$ of body weight Signup and view all the answers

Which scenario would result in a negative nitrogen balance according to the text?

Losses exceeding intake Signup and view all the answers

In what form of Protein-Energy Malnutrition (PEM) do individuals typically experience a diminished cell-mediated immune response?

Maramus Signup and view all the answers

What is the potential consequence of using supplements of arginine and lysine together?

Upset amino acid balance in the body Signup and view all the answers

Why are high protein diets associated with increased water loss?

Protein metabolism leads to increased urea elimination Signup and view all the answers

How do immature kidneys of infants differ from mature kidneys in terms of urine concentration?

Immature kidneys excrete more fluid Signup and view all the answers

What role does glutamine play during the clotting process?

Aids in platelet aggregation Signup and view all the answers

Why is it problematic when protein fragments cause allergies?

They enhance immune response Signup and view all the answers

How does urea elimination relate to the absorption of amino acids with similar structures?

Urea competes with amino acids for absorption Signup and view all the answers

What is a concern related to the absorption of protein fragments without complete digestion?

Triggering of food allergies Signup and view all the answers

How do essential and non-essential amino acids differ?

Essential amino acids cannot be produced by the body. Signup and view all the answers