Macroeconomics: Unemployment and Labor Productivity
98 Questions
0 Views

Choose a study mode

Play Quiz
Study Flashcards
Spaced Repetition
Chat to Lesson

Podcast

Play an AI-generated podcast conversation about this lesson

Questions and Answers

Who used early versions of the manuscript in their classes?

  • Ken Beauchemin (correct)
  • Scott Baier
  • Ping Wang
  • Dave Andolfatto

Which individual provided critical input and helped improve the manuscript?

  • Marco Cagetti
  • Gabriele Camera (correct)
  • William Blankenau
  • Troy Davig

Who was at the University of Western Ontario among the reviewers mentioned?

  • Irasema Alonso
  • David Aschauer
  • Alaa AlShawa (correct)
  • John Graham

Which reviewer was associated with Simon Fraser University?

<p>David Andolfatto (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who provided help and encouragement at Pearson according to the text?

<p>Neeraj Bhalla (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who was associated with College of William and Mary among the reviewers mentioned?

<p>Troy Davig (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the blue line in Figure 1.5 represent?

<p>Average labor productivity (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In which periods was productivity growth high according to the text?

<p>1950s and 1960s (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What do the models introduced in Chapter 6 aim to explain?

<p>Determinants of labor force participation (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who were the Nobel Prize winners whose work the second model in Chapter 6 is based on?

<p>Peter Diamond, Dale Mortensen, Christopher Pissarides (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the vacancy rate represent?

<p>Fraction of firms searching for workers to hire (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of understanding fluctuations in unemployment over time according to the text?

<p>To formulate effective macroeconomic policies for efficient labor markets (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does gross domestic product (GDP) measure?

<p>Quantity of goods and services produced within a country's borders (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How is real GDP per capita different from GDP?

<p>It adjusts for inflation and population growth (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the average income for an American in 1900 in 2009 dollars?

<p>$5,188 (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the average income for an American in 2014 in 2009 dollars?

<p>$50,051 (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does sustained growth in per capita real GDP mean in this context?

<p>Consistent increase over long periods of time (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are fluctuations in economic growth referred to as in the text?

<p>Business cycles (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the approximate total tax revenue as a percentage of GDP in 2015?

<p>29% (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In what year did total spending reach about 33% of GDP in the United States?

<p>2015 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How has the trend in government spending compared to the trend in taxes since 2000?

<p>Spending has outpaced taxes. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What effect does increased government activity have on private economic activity?

<p>It decreases private economic activity. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does an increase in the size of government, relative to the aggregate economy, reflect?

<p>Increase in government spending. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main impact of government competing for resources with the rest of the economy?

<p>Crowding out of private economic activity. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In macroeconomics, why have economists introduced newer, alternative theories of inflation?

<p>To better fit the data and be more useful for economic policy (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the trend of inflation from the 1970s to the 1980s?

<p>It decreased substantially (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do interest rates impact consumers and firms?

<p>They influence how much consumers borrow and lend, and how much firms invest (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is represented by the short-term nominal interest rate in the United States?

<p>Interest on 91-day U.S. Treasury bills (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When did the short-term nominal interest rate reach a high of more than 15%?

<p>1980 (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What have movements in interest rates been identified as in the text?

<p>An important element in the economic mechanism by which monetary policy affects real magnitudes in the short run (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

During which decade did the United States experience peaks of about 12% and 14% inflation rates?

<p>1970s (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What factor did monetary policymakers attribute to driving the high rate of inflation in the 1970s?

<p>Growth in the money supply (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In what year did the inflation rate fall into the negative range according to the text?

<p>2009 (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What problem are monetary policymakers facing currently in the United States and other countries according to the text?

<p>Deflation (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What has been the trend of inflation since the Great Recession based on the text?

<p>Consistently below the Fed's target of 2% (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What have central banks failed to do in recent times based on the text?

<p>Boost inflation through unconventional means (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the estimated real interest rate in neoFisherian theory?

<p>Nominal interest rate minus the actual rate of inflation (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the context of inflation control, why might a central bank choose to increase its nominal interest rate target?

<p>To increase inflation (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between the real interest rate and actual inflation?

<p>The real interest rate is the nominal interest rate minus the actual rate of inflation (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When consumers and firms correctly anticipate inflation, what does the real interest rate represent?

<p>Nominal interest rate minus expected inflation (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the short run, what affects the real interest rate according to the text?

<p>Both monetary and fiscal policy (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What can be said about the real interest rate over time based on the text?

<p>It fluctuates greatly (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the long run, what causes inflation according to the text?

<p>Growth in the money supply (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main determinant of the inflation rate according to the text?

<p>Central bank's growth in money supply (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What economic relationship is mentioned that appears to be quite unstable empirically?

<p>Nominal interest rate and inflation (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following factors can cause short-run variation in inflation rate?

<p>Growth in money supply (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between the nominal interest rate and inflation when there is a short-run trade-off with output?

<p>Positive relationship (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What determines the inflation rate according to economists in relation to the central bank?

<p>Growth in money supply (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is it useful to take the natural logarithm of economic time series data that exhibit growth?

<p>To calculate the growth rate between periods (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What fundamental macroeconomic question is raised by the events depicted in Figure 1.1?

<p>Can economic growth continue indefinitely? (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What motivates much of the material in the book mentioned in the text?

<p>Fundamental macroeconomic questions (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In what way do dramatic decreases and increases in economic growth during the Great Depression and World War II pose a question?

<p>They question the repeatability of such events (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Should governments act to smooth business cycles according to the text?

<p>Yes, they should always intervene in business cycles (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why do macroeconomists focus on economic growth and business cycles?

<p>To study long-term trends and short-term fluctuations in the economy (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary reason for building macroeconomic models with microeconomic principles as a foundation?

<p>To provide a solid theoretical basis for explaining real-world economic phenomena (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is there disagreement among macroeconomists according to the text?

<p>As a result of differing views on how to interpret economic data (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of understanding the key features of trend growth and deviations from trend in per capita gross domestic product?

<p>To assess the long-term health of the economy and potential cyclical patterns (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What key role do models play in macroeconomics according to the text?

<p>Models are useful for simplifying, explaining, and predicting economic phenomena (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main purpose of an economic model, according to the text?

<p>To capture essential features of the world for analyzing economic problems (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a key similarity between how meteorologists, astronomers, and macroeconomists approach their respective fields?

<p>They use models to understand and analyze phenomena (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why are most experiments unlikely to be performed in macroeconomics, according to the text?

<p>Because macroeconomic experiments are too costly (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How are economic models like an electronic roadmap, based on the text?

<p>Both are constructed with a particular purpose in mind (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main reason why economic models need to be simple, according to the text?

<p>To make them useful for analyzing specific economic problems (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does a roadmap lack in terms of depicting the earth's surface?

<p>Curvature of the earth (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main purpose of a roadmap?

<p>To serve its constructed purpose without extraneous detail (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In a macroeconomic model, what is NOT one of the five features described in mathematical and graphical terms?

<p>Government regulations impacting the economy (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

After describing economic actors, goods, and technology in a model economy, what additional feature needs to be specified to make predictions?

<p>Goals of consumers and firms (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is it necessary to know the goals of consumers and firms in a model economy?

<p>To make accurate economic predictions (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which economic concept is highlighted in the text as a crucial factor affecting private economic decisions regarding borrowing and lending?

<p>Interest rates (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the trend of inflation from the 1970s to the 1980s as described in the text?

<p>Inflation increased on trend until the 1970s, before reducing dramatically in the 1980s (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the specific measure of interest rate discussed as having risen in the 1950s, 1960s, and reaching a high of more than 15% early in 1980?

<p>Short-term nominal interest rate (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How did inflation behave from 2013 to 2015 according to the text?

<p>May be too low (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In economic policy, why are newer, alternative theories of inflation being introduced by macroeconomists?

<p>To better fit available data and be more useful for economic policy (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why do macroeconomists focus on economic growth and business cycles?

<p>To understand the impact of individual economic decisions on the overall economy. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary motivation for building macroeconomic models with microeconomic principles as a foundation?

<p>To incorporate real-world market imperfections and behavioral nuances. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is there disagreement among macroeconomists, according to the text?

<p>As a result of varying interpretations of economic theories and historical events. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one key aspect of trend growth in per capita gross domestic product discussed in Chapter 1?

<p>The long-term increase in real GDP per person over time. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does the text frame the approach to macroeconomics taken in this book?

<p>By building macroeconomic models on microeconomic principles. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main reason for constructing macroeconomic models based on sound microeconomic principles?

<p>To ensure accurate representations of macroeconomic behavior (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does macroeconomic research differ from physics in terms of micro-level behavior?

<p>Micro behavior is usually not ignored in physics (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is it not always necessary to include features like international trade or macroeconomic growth in economic models?

<p>Because their relevance depends on the specific issue being modeled (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In what way does the text suggest that economic models evolve over time?

<p>By helping us understand economic forces better (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is emphasized as crucial for constructing useful macroeconomic models?

<p>Building models based on sound microeconomic principles (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In two-period models discussed in the text, what dynamic decisions do consumers make?

<p>Save for future consumption needs (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do consumers' expectations about their future incomes impact their current saving behavior?

<p>They want to save less in the present (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What makes firms more inclined to invest in new plant and equipment according to the text?

<p>Anticipation of future technological innovations (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does consumers' forward-looking behavior impact aggregate production?

<p>Affects current aggregate production (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role do consumers and firms play in affecting current macroeconomic events according to the text?

<p>Significant impact on macroeconomic events (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What key business cycle facts are developed in Chapter 3 that will be used throughout the book?

<p>Labor market dynamics and unemployment trends (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the one-period model discussed in Chapter 5, how is the behavior of consumers and firms captured?

<p>Through a single representative consumer and a single representative firm (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does Chapter 6 focus on regarding labor market behavior in a macroeconomic context?

<p>Search models of unemployment to understand determinants (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of developing a set of key business cycle facts in Chapter 3?

<p>To investigate how alternative business cycle theories fit observed facts (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is it important to study the impacts of changes in government spending and total factor productivity on aggregate output, employment, and consumption?

<p>To assess how policy changes affect economic activity and tax revenue (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a possible consequence of instructors omitting parts of Chapter 2 according to the text?

<p>Students may struggle to understand key national income accounting identities. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential challenge if instructors do not emphasize concepts introduced in Chapter 3?

<p>Students may struggle to interpret scatter plots and time series plots. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What makes Chapter 6 unique in its treatment of labor market issues according to the text?

<p>It introduces search models to explicitly study unemployment determinants. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is economic growth introduced early in Chapters 7 and 8 according to the text?

<p>To align with the significance of growth theory in modern macroeconomics. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the explicit treatment of determinants of unemployment in Chapter 6 allow according to the text?

<p>An interesting analysis of labor market issues. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

More Like This

Use Quizgecko on...
Browser
Browser