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Questions and Answers

What is the fundamental challenge in economics?

  • Limited resources
  • Inefficient production
  • Unlimited wants
  • Scarcity (correct)

What is the primary focus of microeconomics?

  • Government policies and international trade
  • The decisions of individuals and firms (correct)
  • Economic growth and inflation
  • Unemployment and poverty rates

What is the primary goal of resource allocation in economics?

  • To allocate resources efficiently (correct)
  • To maximize profits
  • To satisfy unlimited wants
  • To distribute resources equally

Which of the following is NOT a primary economic question?

<p>Why to produce? (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary focus of macroeconomics?

<p>The overall functioning of an economy (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the reason for the fundamental economic problem?

<p>The dichotomy between infinite desires and finite means (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What do individuals, governments, and societies need to make decisions about?

<p>Resource allocation and prioritization (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary reason for the existence of economics as a social science?

<p>To address the problem of scarcity (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the stage of the business cycle characterized by high economic activity and increasing employment?

<p>Prosperity (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an exogenous reason for business cycles?

<p>Natural disasters (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the total demand for goods and services in the economy?

<p>Aggregate Demand (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of business cycles on economically vulnerable populations?

<p>They suffer the most during economic downturns (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary focus of understanding business cycles?

<p>To anticipate economic changes and implement measures to mitigate the adverse effects (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What led to the establishment of structured communities and leadership hierarchies in early societies?

<p>The accumulation of wealth and power (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary focus of Monetary Economics?

<p>The role of money in the economy (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the approach used by economists to understand and predict economic phenomena?

<p>Both deductive and inductive reasoning (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the main consequence of industrialization and urbanization?

<p>Massive urban migration, shaping modern cities and economic hubs (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a result of specialization of labor?

<p>Improved efficiency and productivity (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of economic models?

<p>To test hypotheses and make economic predictions (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary effect of business cycles on economic growth?

<p>Expansion phases lead to growth, while contraction phases lead to declines (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary difference between Positive and Normative Economics?

<p>Positive Economics is objective, while Normative Economics involves value judgments (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the systematic approach used in economics research?

<p>The scientific method (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the impact of business cycles on price levels?

<p>Inflation tends to rise during expansion and can stabilize or fall during contractions (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the fundamental economic challenge?

<p>The problem of scarcity (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between absolute and relative scarcity?

<p>Absolute scarcity is when resources are insufficient, while relative scarcity is when resources are sufficient (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is an opportunity cost?

<p>The foregone benefit of the next best alternative (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary focus of Labour Economics?

<p>Analyzing the supply and demand for labor (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary challenge in economic research?

<p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of financial institutions?

<p>To facilitate savings and provide loans (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the movement of goods and services?

<p>Real Flow (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the Goods Market?

<p>To exchange goods and services (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the formula for the Expenditure Approach to calculate GDP?

<p>GDP = C + I + G + (X - M) (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main difference between GDP and GNI?

<p>GDP is a measure of production, while GNI is a measure of income (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main limitation of GDP and GNI?

<p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of per capita income calculation?

<p>To understand the economic well-being of the average citizen (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of business cycles?

<p>Alternating periods of expansion and contraction (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of economic indicator signals future economic changes before they occur?

<p>Leading Indicator (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for data collected over successive time intervals to track economic changes?

<p>Time Series (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one way governments influence economic activities?

<p>Through taxation and finance (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of mixed economies?

<p>A balance between growth and social welfare (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of budget allocations in a government?

<p>To provide public services (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a result of mechanization in production processes?

<p>Increased output and replaced labor (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a factor of production?

<p>Money (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a consequence of industrialization?

<p>Urban growth and increased economic activity (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary activity of the secondary sector?

<p>Manufacturing and processing (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of limited liability companies?

<p>To protect investors from losing more than their investment (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main difference between the formal and informal sectors?

<p>Formal sector is registered and measured in official statistics, while informal sector is not (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a role of trade unions?

<p>To improve working conditions and negotiate fair wages (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the portion of income available for spending or saving after taxes?

<p>Disposable income (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary goal of sustainable economic development?

<p>To achieve economic growth without depleting natural resources or harming human and environmental health (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a consequence of globalization?

<p>Economic opportunities have expanded, but economic disparities have increased (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary goal of the World Trade Organization (WTO)?

<p>To promote fair global trade practices (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the total value of goods and services produced within a country's borders?

<p>Gross Domestic Product (GDP) (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of the early agricultural history of South Africa?

<p>Predominantly agrarian economy with minimal trade (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an example of a durable good?

<p>Appliance (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of households in the circular flow model?

<p>To provide labor and receive income (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a factor that promoted industrial development in South Africa?

<p>Government incentives and entrepreneurial immigrants (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main purpose of regulatory measures in promoting sustainable development?

<p>To ban environmentally harmful activities (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What has driven the growth of the service sector in South Africa's economy since 1994?

<p>Globalization, technological advancements, and infrastructure improvements (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a major challenge facing the South African labour force?

<p>Youth unemployment (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What has impacted life expectancy and demographic patterns in South Africa?

<p>The HIV/AIDS epidemic (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a result of inadequate education and skills training in South Africa?

<p>High unemployment rates (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a shift observed in the South African labour force?

<p>From primary sectors to services and finance (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a policy implication of the labour force trends in South Africa?

<p>Enhancing education and skills training (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of South Africa's population growth?

<p>Rapid growth (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a factor influencing population growth in South Africa?

<p>Fertility rates and migration (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a consequence of urbanization in South Africa?

<p>Increased infrastructure demands (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a challenge in employment in South Africa?

<p>Limited development of the informal sector (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which branch of economics deals with the role of money in the economy?

<p>Monetary Economics (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary goal of economic models?

<p>To test hypotheses and make economic predictions (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which approach involves developing hypotheses based on existing theories and testing them against empirical data?

<p>Deductive reasoning (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for a good that is naturally available without cost?

<p>Free Good (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary focus of Developmental Economics?

<p>Policies that promote economic development in less developed countries (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary difference between Positive and Normative Economics?

<p>Positive Economics focuses on describing and predicting economic phenomena, while Normative Economics involves value judgments (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary challenge in economic research?

<p>Dealing with human behaviors that are diverse and difficult to predict (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the foregone benefit of the next best alternative when a choice is made?

<p>Opportunity Cost (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary focus of International Economics?

<p>International trade and finance (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary focus of Public Sector Economics?

<p>The economic activities of government (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary reason for the existence of economics as a social science?

<p>To allocate resources to satisfy unlimited wants and needs (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which economic question deals with deciding who will receive the products and services created?

<p>For whom to produce? (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which branch of economics focuses on the overall functioning of an economy?

<p>Macroeconomics (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary reason for the fundamental economic problem?

<p>Resources are finite (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary focus of economics?

<p>To allocate resources to satisfy unlimited wants and needs (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary challenge in resource allocation?

<p>Balancing the fulfillment of diverse needs against available financial capacities (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which economic question deals with deciding which goods and services should be produced?

<p>What to produce? (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary focus of microeconomics?

<p>The decisions of individuals and firms (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of entrepreneurship in the four factors of production?

<p>To combine the other three factors to create goods and services (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main difference between the primary and secondary sectors of the economy?

<p>Extraction of natural resources vs. manufacturing and processing (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary goal of sustainable development?

<p>To achieve economic growth without depleting natural resources or harming human and environmental health (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the portion of income available for spending or saving after taxes?

<p>Disposable income (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main role of governments in the economy?

<p>To invest in public goods and services that benefit society as a whole (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the tertiary sector of the economy?

<p>To provide services rather than goods (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main difference between the formal and informal sectors of the economy?

<p>Registration of businesses and inclusion in official statistics (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the public sector of the economy?

<p>To provide public goods and services that benefit society as a whole (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary focus of the circular flow model?

<p>To explain the dynamics of the economy through a circular flow model (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of households in the circular flow model?

<p>To provide labor and receive income used to purchase goods and services (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What has driven the growth of the service sector in South Africa since 1994?

<p>Globalization, technological advancements, and infrastructure improvements (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a significant challenge facing the South African economy?

<p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the estimated population of South Africa by 2010?

<p>50 million (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What has led to urbanization in South Africa?

<p>Economic development (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What has impacted life expectancy and demographic patterns in South Africa?

<p>HIV/AIDS epidemic (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a significant challenge facing the South African labour force?

<p>Skills and education (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What has led to a shift in the South African labour force?

<p>From primary sectors to services (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a challenge in employment in South Africa?

<p>Limited development of the informal sector (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of financial institutions?

<p>To facilitate savings and provide loans (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a critical need for policy-making in South Africa?

<p>Enhancing education and skills training (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is essential for accommodating growing populations in urban areas?

<p>Effective urban planning and improved infrastructure (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the movement of money in exchange for goods, services, and labor?

<p>Monetary Flow (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary focus of the Goods Market?

<p>To exchange goods and services (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the formula for the Expenditure Approach to calculate GDP?

<p>GDP = C + I + G + (X - M) (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main difference between GDP and GNI?

<p>GDP focuses on production, while GNI focuses on income (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of per capita income calculation?

<p>To provide an average income per person (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of business cycles?

<p>Alternating periods of expansion and contraction (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of economic indicator signals future economic changes before they occur?

<p>Leading Indicator (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for data collected over successive time intervals to track economic changes?

<p>Time Series (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary focus of understanding business cycles?

<p>To understand the causes of business cycles (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the phase of the business cycle characterized by a downturn in economic growth and employment?

<p>Recession (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is an example of an exogenous reason for business cycles?

<p>Natural disasters (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the total supply of goods and services available in the economy?

<p>Aggregate Supply (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the impact of business cycles on employment?

<p>Job creation increases during booms and decreases during recessions (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary focus of understanding business cycles?

<p>Anticipating economic changes and implementing measures to mitigate the adverse effects (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of economically vulnerable populations during economic downturns?

<p>They are more affected by economic downturns (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of specialization of labor?

<p>Improved efficiency and productivity (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What led to the establishment of structured communities and leadership hierarchies in early societies?

<p>Accumulation of wealth and power (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main consequence of industrialization and urbanization?

<p>Massive urban migration and shaping of modern cities (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary focus of economic growth and development?

<p>Improving the standard of living and economic well-being (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of governments in the economy?

<p>To provide public services and infrastructure through taxation (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of mixed economies?

<p>Combination of government control and free market (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What has been the impact of mechanization on production processes?

<p>It has greatly increased output (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What has been the consequence of urbanization?

<p>An increase in economic activity (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of limited liability companies?

<p>To protect investors from losing more than their investment (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of trade unions?

<p>To improve working conditions and negotiate fair wages (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What has been the impact of globalization on developing countries?

<p>It has contributed to economic disparities between developed and developing nations (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary goal of the World Trade Organization (WTO)?

<p>To promote fair global trade practices (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of economic development in South Africa during the Agricultural-Mining Phase?

<p>The discovery of diamonds and gold transformed the economy (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What has been the impact of industrialization on economic growth?

<p>It has led to an increase in economic growth (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary reason for the existence of the economic problem?

<p>Human wants are unlimited, but resources are limited (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the focus of microeconomics?

<p>The decisions of individuals and firms (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a primary economic question?

<p>What to produce? (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the focus of macroeconomics?

<p>The overall functioning of an economy (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of the fundamental economic problem?

<p>Choice and allocation of resources (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why do individuals, governments, and societies need to make decisions about resource allocation?

<p>Because resources are limited, and human wants are unlimited (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary goal of economic decision-making?

<p>To distribute resources efficiently (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the core challenge in economics?

<p>Scarcity (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of entrepreneurship?

<p>To combine the other three factors of production to create goods and services (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main characteristic of the tertiary sector?

<p>Provides services rather than goods (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of government regulatory measures?

<p>To curb environmentally harmful activities (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary difference between the formal and informal sectors?

<p>One is registered, and the other is not (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary goal of sustainable economic development?

<p>To conduct economic growth without harming the environment or human health (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the public sector?

<p>To invest in public goods and services that benefit society (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of exchange rates?

<p>To facilitate international trade (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary characteristic of durable goods?

<p>They are long-lasting (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of businesses in the circular flow model?

<p>To hire labor and produce goods and services (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of disposable income?

<p>To spend on goods and services or save (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which branch of economics focuses on the economic activities of government and its role in the economy?

<p>Public Sector Economics (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of economics involves value judgments and subjective perspectives on what the economy should be like?

<p>Normative Economics (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the limited availability of resources that leads to the necessity of making choices?

<p>Scarcity (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of economic models?

<p>To understand and predict economic phenomena (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the approach used by economists to understand and predict economic phenomena?

<p>Both deductive and inductive reasoning (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary focus of International Economics?

<p>International trade and finance (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the benefit of the next best alternative when a choice is made?

<p>Opportunity Cost (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary challenge in economic research?

<p>Dealing with human behaviors that are diverse and difficult to predict (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary focus of Labour Economics?

<p>The supply and demand for labour (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for goods that are naturally available without cost?

<p>Free Goods (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of financial institutions in an economy?

<p>To facilitate savings and provide loans (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the movement of goods and services in an economy?

<p>Real Flow (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the Goods Market in an economy?

<p>To exchange goods and services (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the formula for the Expenditure Approach to calculate GDP?

<p>GDP = C + I + G + (X - M) (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main difference between GDP and GNI?

<p>GDP focuses on production within the country, while GNI focuses on income earned by nationals (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary limitation of GDP and GNI?

<p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of per capita income calculation?

<p>To understand the economic well-being of the average citizen (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of business cycles?

<p>They are alternating periods of expansion and contraction (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of economic indicator signals future economic changes before they occur?

<p>Leading Indicator (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for data collected over successive time intervals to track economic changes?

<p>Time Series (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary phase of the business cycle characterized by peak economic performance?

<p>Boom (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the total supply of goods and services available in the economy?

<p>Aggregate Supply (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an internal economic factor influencing business cycles?

<p>Fluctuations in investment (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary effect of business cycles on employment?

<p>Job creation during booms (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary consequence of industrialization and urbanization?

<p>Massive urban migration (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary focus of understanding business cycles in economic planning?

<p>Anticipating economic changes (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary characteristic of economically vulnerable populations during business cycles?

<p>Reduced income and higher unemployment rates (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary effect of specialization of labor?

<p>Improved efficiency and productivity (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary reason for the growth of towns and mercantile law?

<p>Expansion of trade (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary effect of business cycles on economic growth?

<p>Expansion during booms and contraction during recessions (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What has been the main driver of the growth of the service sector in South Africa since 1994?

<p>Globalization and infrastructure improvements (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the estimated population of South Africa by 2010?

<p>50 million (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary impact of the HIV/AIDS epidemic on South Africa's population growth rate?

<p>Slowed natural growth rate (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a significant challenge facing the South African labour force?

<p>High youth unemployment (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary reason for the shift from primary sectors to services and finance in South Africa?

<p>Globalization and technological advancements (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary challenge in employment in South Africa?

<p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary need for policy-making in South Africa?

<p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary factor influencing population growth in South Africa's rural areas?

<p>Socio-economic conditions (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary impact of urbanization on South Africa's economy?

<p>Shift from primary sectors to services and finance (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of understanding population and labour force trends in South Africa?

<p>To inform policy-making and economic planning (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main purpose of taxation in governments?

<p>To fund public services and infrastructure (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of mechanization in production processes?

<p>Increased output and replaced labor (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of limited liability companies?

<p>To protect investors from losing more than their investment (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of trade unions?

<p>To improve working conditions and negotiate fair wages (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary impact of globalization on developing countries?

<p>Economic disparities between developed and developing nations (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary goal of the World Trade Organization (WTO)?

<p>To promote fair global trade practices (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of mixed economies?

<p>Combination of free markets and government control (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary consequence of urbanization?

<p>Concentration of economic activity and resources in urban areas (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of financial institutions?

<p>To facilitate economic growth (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary benefit of understanding the historical context of global economies?

<p>To gratify the complex interactions between economic growth, development, and globalization (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main reason for the existence of economics as a social science?

<p>To allocate limited resources to satisfy unlimited wants and needs (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which branch of economics examines how individuals and firms interact in the market?

<p>Microeconomics (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary economic question related to deciding who will receive the products and services created?

<p>For whom to produce? (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main characteristic of the economic problem?

<p>Limited resources and unlimited wants (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which branch of economics addresses broad issues like unemployment, inflation, and economic growth?

<p>Macroeconomics (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary challenge in making economic decisions?

<p>Scarcity of resources (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What do individuals, governments, and societies continuously make decisions about?

<p>How to allocate resources (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary reason for the importance of economics in society?

<p>To allocate limited resources to satisfy unlimited wants and needs (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary sector involved in?

<p>Extraction of natural resources (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is entrepreneurship in the context of the four factors of production?

<p>Individuals who combine the other three factors to create goods and services (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for intangible products like banking and healthcare?

<p>Services (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What sector provides public goods and services that benefit society as a whole?

<p>Government (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of supportive measures in achieving sustainable development?

<p>To provide subsidies and incentives for environmentally friendly practices (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the tertiary sector?

<p>Provides services rather than goods (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary goal of budget allocations in a government?

<p>To allocate resources effectively (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the portion of income available for spending or saving after taxes?

<p>Disposable income (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main difference between the formal and informal sectors?

<p>Formal sector includes registered businesses, while informal sector includes unregistered businesses (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary focus of sustainable economic development?

<p>Economic growth conducted without depleting natural resources or harming human and environmental health (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary focus of Developmental Economics?

<p>The policies that promote economic development in less developed countries (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of economics involves value judgments and subjective perspectives?

<p>Normative Economics (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of economic models?

<p>To describe and predict economic phenomena (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main difference between absolute and relative scarcity?

<p>Absolute scarcity occurs when resources are insufficient to produce a good, while relative scarcity exists when resources are sufficient but inaccessible to most due to economic constraints (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary challenge in economic research?

<p>Dealing with human behaviors that are diverse and difficult to predict (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary focus of Environmental Economics?

<p>The economic issues with environmental implications (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary focus of International Economics?

<p>The study of international trade and finance (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of deductive reasoning in economics?

<p>To develop hypotheses based on existing theories (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary focus of Public Sector Economics?

<p>The economic activities of government (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary characteristic of economic goods?

<p>They require scarce resources to produce (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of financial institutions in an economy?

<p>To facilitate savings and provide loans (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following flows represents the movement of goods and services?

<p>Real Flow (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of the Goods Market?

<p>To exchange goods and services (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the formula for the Expenditure Approach to calculate GDP?

<p>GDP = C + I + G + (X - M) (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary difference between GDP and GNI?

<p>GDP measures production within a country, while GNI measures income earned by a country's nationals (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary limitation of GDP and GNI?

<p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of per capita income calculation?

<p>To measure the average income per person (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of economic indicator signals future economic changes before they occur?

<p>Leading Indicator (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for data collected over successive time intervals to track economic changes?

<p>Time Series (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of business cycles?

<p>They are cyclical and unpredictable (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What has been the main driver of South Africa's economic growth since 1994?

<p>Service sector (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the estimated population of South Africa by 2010?

<p>50 million (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main factor affecting South Africa's demographic patterns?

<p>HIV/AIDS epidemic (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main challenge in the South African labour force?

<p>Age composition and unemployment (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main reason for the shift from primary sectors to services and finance in South Africa?

<p>Economic development (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which provinces have the highest population percentages in South Africa?

<p>Gauteng and Kwazulu-Natal (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary need for policies to address the challenges in the South African labour force?

<p>Education and training (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the impact of urbanization on social services and infrastructure in South Africa?

<p>Increased demand (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main challenge in addressing the informal sector in South Africa?

<p>Limited development (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary focus of policy-making in relation to population and labour force trends in South Africa?

<p>Economic growth and development (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the phase of the business cycle characterized by decreasing economic growth and output?

<p>Recession (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an internal economic factor influencing business cycles?

<p>Fluctuations in investment (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the total supply of goods and services available in the economy?

<p>Aggregate Supply (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of taxation in economies?

<p>To fund public services and infrastructure (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main effect of mechanization on employment patterns?

<p>Replacement of labor (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the impact of business cycles on employment opportunities?

<p>Job creation increases during booms and decreases during recessions (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of financial institutions in economies?

<p>To manage savings and provide loans (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following groups is disproportionately affected by business cycles?

<p>Economically vulnerable populations (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary focus of understanding business cycles?

<p>Anticipating economic changes (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of mixed economies?

<p>Combination of government control and free market (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of trade unions in economies?

<p>To improve working conditions and negotiate fair wages (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What led to the development of language and writing in early societies?

<p>The need for trade and commerce (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of specialization of labor?

<p>An improvement in productivity (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary consequence of urbanization?

<p>Concentration of economic activity and resources in urban areas (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the consequence of industrialization and urbanization?

<p>A shift from agrarian to industrial economies (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary goal of the World Trade Organization (WTO)?

<p>To promote fair trade practices globally (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary effect of globalization on developing countries?

<p>Economic disparities and imbalances (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary focus of economic growth and development?

<p>Improving standards of living (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of limited liability companies?

<p>To protect investors from losing more than their investment (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary characteristic of industrial development?

<p>Shift towards industrialization and technological advances (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the reason for the existence of the economic problem?

<p>Human wants are unlimited and resources are limited (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which branch of economics focuses on the overall functioning of an economy?

<p>Macroeconomics (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary goal of economic decisions in resource allocation?

<p>To distribute resources efficiently (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the focus of microeconomics?

<p>The decisions of individuals and firms (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the three primary economic questions?

<p>What to produce, how to produce, and for whom to produce (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the definition of economics?

<p>The study of how individuals and businesses make decisions to allocate scarce resources to satisfy their unlimited wants and needs (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between human wants and resources?

<p>Human wants are unlimited and resources are limited (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why do individuals, governments, and societies need to make decisions about resource allocation?

<p>Because resources are finite and human wants are infinite (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary focus of Developmental Economics?

<p>Policies that promote economic development in less developed countries (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which branch of economics focuses on the supply and demand for labour and how they affect wage levels and employment?

<p>Labour Economics (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the benefit of the next best alternative when a choice is made?

<p>Opportunity cost (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of economics involves value judgments and subjective perspectives on what the economy should be like?

<p>Normative Economics (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary approach used by economists to understand and predict economic phenomena?

<p>Deductive and inductive reasoning (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary focus of International Economics?

<p>International trade and finance (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the resources that are naturally available without cost?

<p>Free goods (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of economic models?

<p>To help understand and predict the interactions and outcomes of economic actions (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary difference between absolute and relative scarcity?

<p>One is related to the availability of resources and the other is related to economic constraints (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary challenge in economic research?

<p>Dealing with human behaviors that are diverse and difficult to predict (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary sector of the economy involved in?

<p>Extraction of natural resources (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for intangible products like banking and healthcare?

<p>Services (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the portion of income available for spending or saving after taxes?

<p>Disposable income (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of entrepreneurship in the factors of production?

<p>Combining the other three factors (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main difference between the formal and informal sectors?

<p>Formal sector is registered, while informal sector is unregistered (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary goal of sustainable economic development?

<p>Conducting economic growth without depleting natural resources (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for businesses owned by individuals or corporations?

<p>Private sector (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary activity of the secondary sector?

<p>Manufacturing and processing (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for goods that are long-lasting?

<p>Durable goods (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of government in the economy?

<p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of financial institutions in the economy?

<p>To provide loans and facilitate savings (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the two main flows in the economy?

<p>Monetary and Real Flow (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the Goods Market?

<p>To exchange goods and services (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is GDP?

<p>The total market value of all final goods and services produced within a country's borders (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the Expenditure Approach to calculate GDP?

<p>C + I + G + (X - M) (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main difference between GDP and GNI?

<p>GDP measures production within the country, while GNI measures income earned by nationals (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of per capita income calculation?

<p>To understand the average income per person in a country (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of business cycles?

<p>They are characterized by alternating periods of expansion and contraction (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of economic indicator signals future economic changes before they occur?

<p>Leading Indicator (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for data collected over successive time intervals to track economic changes?

<p>Time Series (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What characterizes the prosperity phase of the business cycle?

<p>High economic activity, increasing employment, and wages (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an endogenous reason for business cycles?

<p>Fluctuations in investment (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of government taxation?

<p>To fund public services and infrastructure (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of mixed economies?

<p>Balance between government control and market freedom (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the total supply of goods and services available in the economy?

<p>Aggregate Supply (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the impact of business cycles on employment?

<p>Job creation increases during booms (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary effect of mechanization in production processes?

<p>Increased output and replaced labor (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary focus of economic growth and development?

<p>Improving standards of living (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of financial institutions?

<p>To facilitate economic growth by managing savings and providing loans (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a consequence of urbanization?

<p>Concentrated economic activity and resources in urban areas (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What led to the establishment of structured communities and leadership hierarchies in early societies?

<p>Accumulation of wealth and power (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of specialization of labor?

<p>Improved efficiency and productivity (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary goal of trade unions?

<p>To improve working conditions and negotiate fair wages (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of multinational corporations?

<p>They operate in multiple countries and have a significant impact on global markets (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary effect of business cycles on economic growth?

<p>Expansion phases lead to growth (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary goal of the World Trade Organization (WTO)?

<p>To regulate international trade and promote fair trade practices (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the impact of business cycles on economically vulnerable populations?

<p>They are disproportionately affected by economic downturns (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a result of globalization?

<p>Economic opportunities have expanded, but also contributed to economic disparities (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary focus of understanding business cycles?

<p>Economic planning and policymaking (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of limited liability companies?

<p>To protect investors from losing more than their investment (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What has driven the growth of the service sector in South Africa's economy?

<p>Globalization and technological advancements (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a major challenge facing South Africa's economy?

<p>Brain drain and crime (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the current trend in South Africa's population growth?

<p>Rapid growth (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the impact of HIV/AIDS on South Africa's population?

<p>Decreased population growth rate (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a significant challenge facing South Africa's labour force?

<p>Youth unemployment (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary reason for the shift from primary sectors to services and finance in South Africa's economy?

<p>Economic development (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the impact of the informal sector on employment in South Africa?

<p>It has limited development and contributes to employment challenges (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a policy implication for addressing South Africa's economic challenges?

<p>Enhancing education and skills training (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a challenge facing urban planning and infrastructure in South Africa?

<p>Accommodating growing populations and reducing urban sprawl (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary goal of policy-making and economic planning in South Africa?

<p>To address inequality and resource distribution (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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