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Questions and Answers

What is the primary focus of Developmental Economics?

  • Promoting economic development in less developed countries (correct)
  • Studying the economic activities of government
  • Analyzing labour supply and demand
  • Examining environmental economic issues

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of sustainable economic development?

  • Rapid industrialization at the expense of natural resources (correct)
  • Recycling and reducing waste
  • Technological progress that enhances resource efficiency
  • Fair labour practices

What is the primary function of the public sector in the economy?

  • To control economic activities
  • To provide public goods and services (correct)
  • To regulate private businesses
  • To provide employment opportunities

Which method of economics involves value judgments and subjective perspectives?

<p>Normative Economics (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which sector of the economy is involved in extracting natural resources?

<p>Primary sector (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of economic models?

<p>To understand and predict economic phenomena (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the fundamental economic challenge that individuals and societies face?

<p>The problem of scarcity (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the portion of income available for spending or saving after taxes?

<p>Disposable income (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a challenge to achieving sustainable development?

<p>Pollution and greenhouse effects (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of scarcity occurs when resources are insufficient to produce a good despite its availability?

<p>Absolute Scarcity (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the concept that reflects the trade-offs when a choice is made?

<p>Opportunity Cost (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the total value of goods and services produced within a country?

<p>Gross Domestic Product (GDP) (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an example of an economic good?

<p>A loaf of bread (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a characteristic of the informal sector?

<p>Unregistered businesses (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary approach used in economics to research and draw conclusions?

<p>The Scientific Method (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the exchange rate that determines how much of one currency can be exchanged for another?

<p>Foreign exchange rate (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a type of good?

<p>Public goods (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What makes controlled experiments challenging in economics?

<p>Human behaviors are diverse and difficult to predict (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a branch of economics that focuses on the economic activities of government?

<p>Public Sector Economics (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of entrepreneurship in the economy?

<p>To combine land, labor, and capital to create goods and services (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary reason behind the economic problem of scarcity?

<p>The unlimited nature of human wants (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a primary economic question?

<p>Who will consume the products? (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main focus of microeconomics?

<p>The decisions of individuals and firms (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the core challenge in economics?

<p>Scarcity (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which branch of economics studies the broad issues like unemployment, inflation, and economic growth?

<p>Macroeconomics (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary goal of economic decision-making?

<p>To allocate resources efficiently (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main difference between microeconomics and macroeconomics?

<p>Microeconomics examines individual markets, while macroeconomics examines the overall economy (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between human wants and resources?

<p>Human wants are unlimited, while resources are limited (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the two main flows in the economy, as described in the model?

<p>Real Flow and Monetary Flow (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the focus of the Expenditure Approach in calculating GDP?

<p>Total spending on final goods and services in the economy (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary difference between GDP and GNI?

<p>GDP focuses on production, while GNI focuses on income (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following indicators is a leading indicator of economic changes?

<p>Stock prices (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of per capita income calculation?

<p>To understand the economic well-being of the average citizen (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of a counter-cyclical indicator?

<p>It moves in the opposite direction of the economy (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary characteristic of the prosperity phase in a business cycle?

<p>High economic activity, increasing employment, and wages (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the limitation of GDP as a measure of economic activity?

<p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an example of an endogenous reason for business cycles?

<p>Fluctuations in investment (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the Income Approach in calculating GDP?

<p>To calculate the total income earned from producing goods and services (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of economic indicators are used to analyze changes in the business cycle?

<p>Leading, lagging, and coincident indicators (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the impact of business cycles on economically vulnerable populations?

<p>They are disproportionately affected, leading to reduced income and higher unemployment rates (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary characteristic of a business cycle?

<p>It is a natural fluctuation in economic activity that occurs over time (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of understanding business cycles?

<p>To mitigate the adverse effects on the population (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary factor that led to the accumulation of wealth and power in early societies?

<p>Control over resources (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary consequence of industrialization and urbanization?

<p>Transformation of economies from agrarian to industrial (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary benefit of specialization of labor?

<p>Improved efficiency and productivity (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of aggregate demand in the economy?

<p>To reflect the total demand for goods and services (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary impact of business cycles on price levels?

<p>Inflation tends to rise during expansion (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of government and social services during economic downturns?

<p>To support economically vulnerable populations (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What has been the primary driver of South Africa's service sector growth since 1994?

<p>Globalization and technological advancements (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary challenge facing the South African labour force in terms of education and skills?

<p>Inadequate education and skills training (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary impact of HIV/AIDS on South Africa's demographic patterns?

<p>Slowed natural growth rate (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary policy implication for addressing South Africa's employment challenges?

<p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary reason for provincial disparities in employment opportunities in South Africa?

<p>Urban overcrowding and service delivery challenges (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary impact of urbanization on South Africa's economic development?

<p>Increased pressure on social services and infrastructure (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary challenge facing South Africa's economic development in terms of resource distribution?

<p>Inequality and resource distribution (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary sector shift in South Africa's labour force?

<p>From primary sectors to services and finance (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary impact of the informal sector on South Africa's employment challenges?

<p>Limited development of small businesses (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary demographic trend in South Africa's population growth?

<p>Rapid growth due to high birth rates and immigration (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary mechanism used by governments to influence economic activities?

<p>Taxation (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which economic system combines elements of free markets and government control to balance growth and social welfare?

<p>Mixed economy (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary effect of mechanization on employment patterns?

<p>Decreased labor demand (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary reason for the growth of urban areas during industrialization?

<p>Concentration of economic activity and resources (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of limited liability companies?

<p>To protect investors from losing more than their investment (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of financial institutions in the economy?

<p>To manage savings and provide loans (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary consequence of globalization on developing countries?

<p>Economic disparities between developed and developing nations (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary goal of the World Trade Organization (WTO)?

<p>To promote fair trade practices (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary factor that has influenced economic growth and development in South Africa?

<p>Discovery of diamonds and gold (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary challenge faced by developing countries in the context of globalization?

<p>Exporting raw materials used in high-value finished goods (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the underlying assumption behind the concept of scarcity in economics?

<p>Human wants are infinite, but resources are limited (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following economic questions deals with the allocation of resources among different groups of people?

<p>For whom to produce? (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main difference between microeconomics and macroeconomics?

<p>Microeconomics studies the overall functioning of an economy, while macroeconomics focuses on individual decisions (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary goal of making economic decisions?

<p>To allocate resources efficiently (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the core challenge in economics?

<p>Scarcity (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which branch of economics studies the broad issues like unemployment, inflation, and economic growth?

<p>Macroeconomics (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between human wants and resources?

<p>Human wants are infinite, and resources are limited (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of economic decision-making?

<p>To allocate resources efficiently (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary characteristic of the recovery phase in a business cycle?

<p>Gradual improvement in economic conditions occurs (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary impact of business cycles on employment?

<p>Job creation increases during booms and decreases during recessions (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of aggregate supply in the economy?

<p>Represents the total supply of goods and services available (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary consequence of industrialization and urbanization?

<p>Massive urban migration and the growth of cities (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary benefit of specialization of labor?

<p>Increased efficiency and productivity (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary impact of business cycles on exchange rates?

<p>Economic strength or weakness can affect the value of the national currency (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of government and social services during economic downturns?

<p>To provide crucial support to economically vulnerable populations (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary characteristic of endogenous reasons for business cycles?

<p>Internal economic factors, such as fluctuations in investment (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary impact of business cycles on economically vulnerable populations?

<p>They are more severely affected by economic downturns (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of understanding business cycles?

<p>To anticipate economic changes and implement measures to mitigate adverse effects (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following factors is NOT a characteristic of sustainable economic development?

<p>Environmental degradation (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the government in the circular flow model?

<p>Collecting taxes and providing public services (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary difference between the primary and secondary sectors of the economy?

<p>One involves extraction of natural resources, the other involves manufacturing (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of the formal sector in the economy?

<p>To include all registered businesses whose activities are measured in official statistics (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a characteristic of the tertiary sector of the economy?

<p>Provides services rather than goods (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of entrepreneurship in the economy?

<p>To combine land, labor, and capital to create goods and services (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary difference between households and businesses in the circular flow model?

<p>One provides labor and receives income, the other hires labor and produces goods (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of the exchange rate in the economy?

<p>To determine how much of one currency can be exchanged for another (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary challenge to achieving sustainable development?

<p>Pollution and environmental degradation (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary objective of Labour Economics?

<p>To analyze the supply and demand for labour and its effects on wage levels and employment (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of government in promoting sustainable development?

<p>To implement regulatory measures and supportive policies (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following approaches involves observing data to develop new theories?

<p>Inductive reasoning (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary characteristic of economic goods?

<p>They require scarce resources to produce (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a challenge faced by economic researchers?

<p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary focus of International Economics?

<p>International trade and finance (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary advantage of using economic models?

<p>They help understand and predict economic phenomena (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary difference between absolute and relative scarcity?

<p>Absolute scarcity occurs when resources are insufficient, while relative scarcity exists when resources are sufficient but inaccessible (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a limitation of economic research?

<p>It often leads to less precise results and conclusions (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of opportunity costs in economic decision-making?

<p>To reflect the trade-offs when a choice is made (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a characteristic of the scientific method in economics?

<p>It involves formulating a question, conducting investigations, and drawing conclusions based on evidence (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary difference between the Real Flow and the Monetary Flow in the economy?

<p>The Real Flow represents the movement of goods and services, while the Monetary Flow represents the movement of money. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a correct calculation of GDP using the Expenditure Approach?

<p>GDP = C + I + G + (X - M) (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary limitation of GDP as a measure of economic activity?

<p>It does not account for the distribution of income among the population. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a characteristic of a leading indicator of economic changes?

<p>It signals future economic changes before they occur. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of per capita income calculation?

<p>To provide an average income per person, dividing total GDP or GNI by the population. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a characteristic of a counter-cyclical indicator?

<p>It moves in the opposite direction of the economy. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of understanding business cycles?

<p>To understand the fluctuations in economic activity and make informed economic decisions. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a characteristic of the Goods Market?

<p>It is where goods and services are exchanged. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary difference between GDP and GNI?

<p>GDP focuses on production within the country, while GNI focuses on income earned by the country's nationals. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a correct classification of economic indicators?

<p>Leading indicators signal future economic changes, lagging indicators confirm changes that have already occurred, and coincident indicators move in tandem with the economy. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary reason for governments to use taxation?

<p>To influence economic activities (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the impact of mechanization on employment patterns?

<p>It has replaced labor, affecting employment patterns (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of trade unions in the economy?

<p>To improve working conditions and negotiate fair wages (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary consequence of globalization on developing countries?

<p>They often export raw materials used in high-value finished goods (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary goal of the World Trade Organization (WTO)?

<p>To promote fair global trade practices (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary characteristic of mixed economies?

<p>They combine elements of free markets and government control (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary impact of industrialization on urbanization?

<p>It has perpetuated urban growth, concentrating economic activity and resources (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of limited liability companies in the economy?

<p>To promote entrepreneurship and investment (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary factor that shapes the global economic landscape?

<p>Historical context and current dynamics of global economies (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary phase of South Africa's economic development that saw the discovery of diamonds and gold?

<p>Agricultural-Mining Phase (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary reason for the shift from primary sectors to services and finance in South Africa's labour force?

<p>Globalization and technological advancements (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary impact of HIV/AIDS on South Africa's population growth rate?

<p>Slowed natural growth rate (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary challenge facing South Africa's population growth, according to the demographic cycle?

<p>Rural-urban migration (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary reason for the high unemployment rate among the youth in South Africa?

<p>Inadequate education and skills training (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary consequence of the informal sector's limited development in South Africa?

<p>Challenges in employment (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary policy implication for addressing South Africa's labour force challenges?

<p>Enhance education and skills training (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary factor driving South Africa's service sector growth since 1994?

<p>Globalization and technological advancements (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary impact of urbanization on South Africa's population and labour force?

<p>Increased demand for social services and infrastructure (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary challenge facing South Africa's education system in terms of labour force demands?

<p>Inadequate education and skills training (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary consequence of the mismatch between South Africa's education system and labour force demands?

<p>Challenges in employment and skills training (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary reason why individuals, governments, and societies must continuously make decisions about resource allocation?

<p>Because resources are finite (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following economic questions deals with the issue of who will receive the products and services created?

<p>For whom to produce? (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the focus of microeconomics?

<p>The decisions of individuals and firms (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between human wants and resources?

<p>Human wants are unlimited, and resources are finite (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which branch of economics addresses broad issues like unemployment, inflation, and economic growth?

<p>Macroeconomics (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the core challenge in economics?

<p>Scarcity (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary goal of economic decision-making?

<p>To allocate resources efficiently (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary reason why economics is a social science?

<p>Because it focuses on the behavior of individuals and societies (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of the entrepreneur in the factors of production?

<p>To combine the other three factors to create goods and services (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which sector of the economy provides services rather than goods?

<p>Tertiary Sector (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the total value of goods and services produced within a country?

<p>Gross Domestic Product (GDP) (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary focus of sustainable economic development?

<p>Economic growth that is conducted without depleting natural resources or harming human and environmental health (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which sector of the economy includes unregistered businesses?

<p>Informal Sector (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary component of sustainable economic development?

<p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the government in the circular flow model?

<p>To collect taxes and provide public services and infrastructure (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a type of good?

<p>Service (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of exchange rates?

<p>To facilitate international trade by determining how much of one currency can be exchanged for another (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a characteristic of the formal sector?

<p>Includes all registered businesses whose activities are measured in official statistics like GDP (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary distinction between absolute scarcity and relative scarcity?

<p>Absolute scarcity occurs when resources are insufficient to produce a good, while relative scarcity exists when resources are sufficient but inaccessible due to economic constraints. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of economic models?

<p>Economic models can accurately predict economic phenomena without any error. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary challenge in conducting economic research?

<p>Maintaining all variables constant except one. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an example of an economic good?

<p>Bread. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of the scientific method in economics?

<p>To formulate hypotheses and test them against empirical data. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which branch of economics focuses on the economic activities of government?

<p>Public Sector Economics. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary difference between positive and normative economics?

<p>Positive economics focuses on describing and predicting economic phenomena, while normative economics involves value judgments. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the fundamental concept in economics that reflects the trade-offs when a choice is made?

<p>Opportunity cost. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of free goods?

<p>Free goods require scarce resources to produce. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary focus of the Goods Market?

<p>Exchange of goods and services (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of economic decision-making?

<p>To allocate scarce resources in the most efficient way possible. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which approach to calculating GDP involves the sum of all outputs produced?

<p>Product Approach (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main limitation of GDP as a measure of economic activity?

<p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of economic indicator moves in the opposite direction of the economy?

<p>Counter-cyclical Indicator (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of per capita income calculation?

<p>To provide an average income per person (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of a time series in representing business cycles?

<p>It tracks economic changes over successive time intervals (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary difference between GDP and GNI?

<p>GDP focuses on domestic production, while GNI accounts for all income earned by nationals (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the Foreign Sector in the economy?

<p>To engage in trade, affecting imports and exports (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary characteristic of a business cycle?

<p>An alternating pattern of expansion and contraction (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a limitation of using GDP as a measure of economic activity?

<p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary characteristic of the boom phase in a business cycle?

<p>A period of peak economic performance (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an exogenous reason for business cycles?

<p>Natural disasters (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary impact of business cycles on employment?

<p>Job creation increases during booms and decreases during recessions (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of aggregate demand in the economy?

<p>To measure the total demand for goods and services (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a characteristic of economically vulnerable populations?

<p>They suffer the most during economic downturns (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of understanding business cycles?

<p>To anticipate economic changes and implement measures to mitigate adverse effects (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an example of an endogenous reason for business cycles?

<p>Fluctuations in investment (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary impact of business cycles on exchange rates?

<p>Economic strength or weakness can affect the value of the national currency (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary characteristic of the recovery phase in a business cycle?

<p>A period of gradual improvement in economic conditions (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of government and social services during economic downturns?

<p>To support economically vulnerable populations (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary reason for the mixed economy approach?

<p>To balance government control with free market principles (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How did the discovery of diamonds and gold impact the economy during the Agricultural-Mining Phase?

<p>It transformed the economy, attracting immigrants and promoting infrastructure development (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of financial institutions in the economy?

<p>To facilitate economic growth by managing savings and providing loans (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary challenge facing developing countries in the context of globalization?

<p>The perpetuation of economic imbalances, as they export raw materials and import high-value finished goods (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the World Trade Organization (WTO)?

<p>To promote fair trade practices and regulate global trade (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary impact of mechanization on employment patterns?

<p>It has replaced labor with machinery, affecting employment patterns (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of limited liability companies in promoting economic growth?

<p>To promote entrepreneurship and investment by protecting investors (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary consequence of urbanization and industrialization?

<p>The concentration of economic activity and resources in urban areas (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of trade unions in promoting economic growth?

<p>To improve working conditions and negotiate fair wages (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary challenge facing governments in promoting economic growth and development?

<p>Balancing the need for economic growth with social welfare and environmental protection (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What has been the primary factor driving South Africa's population growth since 1970?

<p>High birth rates and immigration (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary consequence of urbanization on social services and infrastructure in South Africa?

<p>Increased pressure on urban infrastructure and services (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary challenge facing the South African labour force in terms of education and skills?

<p>Inadequate education and skills training (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary impact of the HIV/AIDS epidemic on South Africa's population growth rate?

<p>Slowed natural growth rate (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary sector of the South African economy that has driven growth since 1994?

<p>Service sector (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary reason for the demographic cycle in South Africa?

<p>Economic development and improvement in living standards (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary challenge facing the informal sector in South Africa?

<p>Limited development and support (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary policy implication for addressing the challenges of urbanization in South Africa?

<p>Improving urban planning and infrastructure (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary consequence of the brain drain on South Africa's economy?

<p>Insufficient education and skills affecting service quality (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary characteristic of the South African labour force?

<p>Youthful and underutilized (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary reason why individuals and societies must continuously make decisions about resource allocation?

<p>Because human wants are limitless, yet resources are limited (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a primary economic question?

<p>Why to produce? (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main focus of microeconomics?

<p>The decisions of individuals and firms (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the core challenge in economics?

<p>Scarcity (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which branch of economics studies the broad issues like unemployment, inflation, and economic growth?

<p>Macroeconomics (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary goal of economic decision-making?

<p>To allocate resources efficiently (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between human wants and resources?

<p>Human wants are infinite, and resources are limited (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main difference between microeconomics and macroeconomics?

<p>Microeconomics focuses on individual decisions, while macroeconomics focuses on the overall economy (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary focus of International Economics?

<p>International trade and finance (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which approach in economics involves developing hypotheses based on existing theories and testing them against empirical data?

<p>Deductive reasoning (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of economic models?

<p>To understand and predict economic phenomena (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary challenge in economic research?

<p>Dealing with human behaviors that are diverse and difficult to predict (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary difference between absolute and relative scarcity?

<p>Absolute scarcity occurs when resources are insufficient, while relative scarcity occurs when resources are sufficient but inaccessible (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary characteristic of economic goods?

<p>They require scarce resources to produce (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of opportunity cost?

<p>To reflect the trade-offs when a choice is made (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary focus of Labour Economics?

<p>The supply and demand for labour and its effect on wage levels and employment (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary characteristic of the scientific method in economics?

<p>Conducting investigations and drawing conclusions based on evidence (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary challenge in achieving sustainable development?

<p>The limited availability of resources (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of the Goods Market in the economy?

<p>To exchange goods and services (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following approaches is used to calculate GDP by summing up the value of all outputs produced?

<p>Product Approach (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary difference between GDP and GNI?

<p>GDP focuses on production within the country, while GNI focuses on income earned by nationals (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of economic indicators are used to analyze changes in the business cycle?

<p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary characteristic of a procyclical indicator?

<p>It moves in the same direction as the economy (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of understanding business cycles?

<p>To make informed economic decisions (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary limitation of GDP as a measure of economic activity?

<p>It does not account for the distribution of income (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary characteristic of the Real Flow in the economy?

<p>It is the movement of goods and services (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of the Factor Market in the economy?

<p>To trade factors of production (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of per capita income calculation?

<p>To understand the economic well-being of the average citizen (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary reason why households are considered the main consumers of goods and services in the economy?

<p>They provide the labor that drives economic activity. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of the primary sector of the economy?

<p>It provides services rather than goods. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary difference between the formal and informal sectors of the economy?

<p>The formal sector includes only registered businesses, while the informal sector includes unregistered businesses. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of the circular flow model in economics?

<p>To illustrate the continuous movement of money and goods among different economic agents and markets. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary benefit of sustainable economic development?

<p>It leads to economic growth without harming the environment. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of entrepreneurship in the economy?

<p>To combine the other three factors of production to create goods and services. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary difference between durable and non-durable goods?

<p>Durable goods are used for a long period of time, while non-durable goods are used for a short period of time. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of regulatory measures in achieving sustainable economic development?

<p>To ban environmentally harmful activities. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary characteristic of the tertiary sector of the economy?

<p>It provides services rather than goods. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of understanding the concept of scarcity in economics?

<p>To understand how to allocate resources efficiently. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of governments in mixed economies?

<p>To balance growth and social welfare (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary effect of mechanization on employment patterns?

<p>It has replaced labor with machinery, affecting employment patterns (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of trade unions in the economy?

<p>To improve working conditions and negotiate fair wages (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary consequence of globalization for developing countries?

<p>It has resulted in economic disparities between developed and developing nations (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary goal of the World Trade Organization (WTO)?

<p>To promote fair global trade practices (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary characteristic of the industrial development phase in South Africa's economy?

<p>It was driven by global technological advances and internal policies (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary impact of urbanization on economic activity?

<p>It has concentrated economic activity and resources in urban areas (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of financial institutions in the economy?

<p>To manage savings and provide loans (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary characteristic of limited liability companies?

<p>They protect investors from losing more than their investment (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary benefit of understanding the historical context of global economies?

<p>It helps in gratifying the complex interactions between economic growth, development, and globalization (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary reason for the emergence of trade in early societies?

<p>Accumulation of wealth and power (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the impact of business cycles on employment?

<p>Job creation increases during booms and decreases during recessions (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary characteristic of the recovery phase in a business cycle?

<p>Gradual improvement in economic conditions (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of aggregate demand in the economy?

<p>To identify the total demand for goods and services (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary consequence of industrialization and urbanization?

<p>Massive urban migration and shaping of modern cities (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary benefit of specialization of labor?

<p>Improved efficiency and productivity (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an example of an endogenous reason for business cycles?

<p>Fluctuations in investment (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary impact of business cycles on price levels?

<p>Inflation tends to rise during expansions (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of government and social services during economic downturns?

<p>To support economically vulnerable populations (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of understanding business cycles?

<p>To anticipate economic changes and implement measures to mitigate the adverse effects (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary driver of South Africa's economic transformation from an agrarian base to a complex industrial and service-oriented economy?

<p>Globalization and technological advancements (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following demographic trends is most closely related to urbanization in South Africa?

<p>Rural-urban migration (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary consequence of HIV/AIDS on South Africa's demographic profile?

<p>Reduced population growth rate (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary challenge facing the South African labour force in terms of age composition?

<p>High proportion of youth unemployment (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a primary challenge facing the South African economy in terms of education and skills?

<p>Inadequate education and skills training (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary impact of urbanization on social services and infrastructure in South Africa?

<p>Increased demand for social services (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary policy implication for addressing the challenges facing the South African labour force?

<p>Enhance education and skills training (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a primary challenge facing the South African economy in terms of geographic distribution of employment?

<p>Provincial disparities in employment opportunities (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary consequence of the informal sector on employment in South Africa?

<p>Limited development of small businesses (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary policy implication for addressing the challenges facing the South African economy in terms of urbanization?

<p>Improve infrastructure and urban planning (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the underlying reason for the economic problem of scarcity?

<p>Human wants are infinite, but resources are limited. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which branch of economics examines the overall functioning of an economy?

<p>Macroeconomics (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary focus of microeconomics?

<p>The decisions of individuals and firms (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the three primary economic questions?

<p>What to produce, how to produce, and who to produce for. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why do individuals, governments, and societies need to make decisions about resource allocation?

<p>Because resources are finite and human wants are infinite. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the core challenge in economics?

<p>Scarcity (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary goal of economic decision-making?

<p>To allocate resources efficiently (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between human wants and resources?

<p>Human wants are infinite, and resources are finite. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of the Goods Market?

<p>To trade goods and services (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a limitation of using GDP as a measure of economic activity?

<p>It does not account for income distribution (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of calculating per capita income?

<p>To understand the economic well-being of the average citizen (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary characteristic of a counter-cyclical indicator?

<p>It moves in the opposite direction of the economy (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary difference between GDP and GNI?

<p>GDP measures production within the country, while GNI measures income earned by nationals (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of understanding business cycles?

<p>To facilitate economic planning and forecasting (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary characteristic of the Real Flow?

<p>It represents the movement of goods and services (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of Financial Institutions?

<p>To provide loans and facilitate savings (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an example of a leading indicator of economic changes?

<p>Stock prices (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of the Expenditure Approach in calculating GDP?

<p>To calculate total spending on final goods and services (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which branch of economics studies the economic activities of government and its role in the economy?

<p>Public Sector Economics (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of economic models in economics?

<p>To test hypotheses and make economic predictions (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of scarcity exists when resources are sufficient to satisfy needs but are inaccessible to most due to economic constraints?

<p>Relative Scarcity (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary focus of International Economics?

<p>International trade and finance (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary method of economics that involves value judgments and subjective perspectives?

<p>Normative Economics (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary challenge to economic research?

<p>Dealing with human behaviors that are diverse and difficult to predict (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of economic decision-making?

<p>To allocate scarce resources efficiently (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary concept that reflects the trade-offs when a choice is made?

<p>Opportunity cost (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary approach used in economics to research and draw conclusions?

<p>The scientific method (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary focus of Labour Economics?

<p>The supply and demand for labour (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary characteristic of the recovery phase in a business cycle?

<p>Gradual improvement in economic conditions and a return to growth (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an example of an exogenous reason for business cycles?

<p>Natural disasters (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary impact of business cycles on employment?

<p>Job creation increases during booms and decreases during recessions (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of language skills and learning in the development of trade and commerce?

<p>Recording transactions and transmitting knowledge (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary consequence of industrialization and urbanization?

<p>The shaping of modern cities and economic hubs (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary benefit of specialization of labor?

<p>Improved efficiency and productivity (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of aggregate demand in the economy?

<p>To determine the total demand for goods and services (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What has contributed significantly to South Africa's population growth from 22 million in 1970 to 50 million by 2010?

<p>High birth rates and immigration (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary impact of business cycles on economically vulnerable populations?

<p>They are disproportionately affected by economic downturns (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of understanding business cycles?

<p>To anticipate economic changes and implement measures to mitigate the adverse effects (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a significant challenge facing the South African labour force in terms of education and skills?

<p>Inadequate education and skills mismatch (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary characteristic of a business cycle?

<p>It is a cyclical process with phases of growth and decline (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a key feature of South Africa's demographic transition?

<p>Decreasing mortality rates (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary economic sector driving South Africa's growth since 1994?

<p>Service sector (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a key policy implication for addressing South Africa's challenges?

<p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the impact of HIV/AIDS on South Africa's population growth?

<p>Slowed natural growth rate (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of South Africa's urbanization process?

<p>Rapid urbanization (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a key challenge facing the informal sector in South Africa?

<p>Limited development and support (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a key factor contributing to youth unemployment in South Africa?

<p>Insufficient education and skills (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of South Africa's economy?

<p>Service sector-oriented economy (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of taxation in governments' economic influence?

<p>To fund public services and infrastructure, thereby influencing economic activities (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary characteristic of mixed economies?

<p>Combination of elements of free markets and government control to balance growth and social welfare (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary impact of mechanization on employment patterns?

<p>Replacement of labor with machinery, affecting employment patterns (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary reason why the government sector is involved in the economy?

<p>To provide public goods and services that benefit society as a whole (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of limited liability companies in encouraging entrepreneurship?

<p>Protection of investors from losing more than their investment (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which factor of production is responsible for combining the other three factors to create goods and services?

<p>Entrepreneurship (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary difference between the formal and informal sectors of the economy?

<p>The formal sector is registered and included in official economic statistics, while the informal sector is not (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary consequence of globalization on developing countries?

<p>Exploitation by developed countries and economic imbalances (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary goal of sustainable economic development?

<p>To conduct economic growth without depleting natural resources or harming human and environmental health (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary goal of the World Trade Organization (WTO)?

<p>Promotion of fair global trade practices and reduction of trade barriers (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which sector of the economy is involved in the extraction of natural resources?

<p>Primary sector (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary characteristic of the agricultural-mining phase of South Africa's economic development?

<p>The discovery of diamonds and gold, transforming the economy (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary factor that influenced industrial development in South Africa?

<p>Global technological advances and internal policies (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of households in the economy?

<p>To provide labor and receive income used to purchase goods and services (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary difference between durable goods and non-durable goods?

<p>Durable goods are long-lasting, while non-durable goods are consumed immediately or shortly after purchase (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary challenge facing the South African economy?

<p>Inadequate capital and skilled labor shortages (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of trade unions in improving working conditions?

<p>Negotiation of fair wages and working conditions (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of the circular flow model?

<p>To illustrate the interactions between households, businesses, and the government in the economy (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary characteristic of the tertiary sector of the economy?

<p>It provides services rather than goods (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary benefit of sustainable economic development?

<p>It enhances resource efficiency and reduces waste (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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