Machine Learning in Python

Study Notes

Libraries and Frameworks:
- Scikit-learn: a widely used library for machine learning tasks, including classification, regression, clustering, and more
- TensorFlow: an open-source framework for building and training machine learning models
- Keras: a high-level neural networks API, running on top of TensorFlow, CNTK, or Theano
Types of Machine Learning:
- Supervised Learning: training models on labeled data to make predictions
- Unsupervised Learning: training models on unlabeled data to discover patterns or structure
- Reinforcement Learning: training models to make decisions based on rewards or penalties
Key Concepts:
- Overfitting: when a model is too complex and performs well on training data but poorly on new data
- Underfitting: when a model is too simple and fails to capture patterns in the data
- Bias-Variance Tradeoff: finding a balance between model complexity and simplicity to avoid overfitting and underfitting

Key Concepts:
- Classes: blueprints for creating objects, defining properties and behavior
- Objects: instances of classes, with their own set of attributes and methods
- Inheritance: a mechanism for creating new classes based on existing ones
- Polymorphism: the ability of an object to take on multiple forms
- Encapsulation: hiding internal implementation details and exposing only necessary information
Python Syntax:
- Class Definition: class MyClass:
- Object Instantiation: my_object = MyClass()
- Method Definition: def my_method(self, arg1, arg2):
- Inheritance: class MyClass(MyParentClass):
Benefits:
- Modularity: breaking down complex programs into smaller, reusable components
- Code Reusability: reducing duplication and increasing efficiency
- Easier Maintenance: making it simpler to modify and extend existing code

Libraries and Frameworks:
- Scikit-learn is a widely used library for machine learning tasks, including classification, regression, clustering, and more.
- TensorFlow is an open-source framework for building and training machine learning models.
- Keras is a high-level neural networks API, running on top of TensorFlow, CNTK, or Theano.
Types of Machine Learning:
- Supervised Learning: trains models on labeled data to make predictions.
- Unsupervised Learning: trains models on unlabeled data to discover patterns or structure.
- Reinforcement Learning: trains models to make decisions based on rewards or penalties.
Key Concepts:
- Overfitting: occurs when a model is too complex and performs well on training data but poorly on new data.
- Underfitting: occurs when a model is too simple and fails to capture patterns in the data.
- Bias-Variance Tradeoff: finding a balance between model complexity and simplicity to avoid overfitting and underfitting.

Key Concepts:
- Classes: define properties and behavior, serving as blueprints for creating objects.
- Objects: instances of classes, with their own set of attributes and methods.
- Inheritance: allows creating new classes based on existing ones.
- Polymorphism: enables objects to take on multiple forms.
- Encapsulation: hides internal implementation details and exposes only necessary information.
Python Syntax:
- Class Definition: defines a class using the class keyword.
- Object Instantiation: creates an object from a class using the () operator.
- Method Definition: defines a method within a class using the def keyword.
- Inheritance: specifies the parent class using the () operator.
Benefits:
- Modularity: enables breaking down complex programs into smaller, reusable components.
- Code Reusability: reduces duplication and increases efficiency.
- Easier Maintenance: makes it simpler to modify and extend existing code.