Machine Learning Fundamentals

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Questions and Answers

Which of the following is the MOST critical factor in determining the suitability of a particular machine learning algorithm for a specific task?

  • The algorithm's mathematical complexity and theoretical elegance.
  • The algorithm's popularity and widespread use in the industry.
  • The characteristics of the data and the specific goals of the analysis. (correct)
  • The computational resources required to train and deploy the algorithm.

What is the primary difference between supervised and unsupervised learning algorithms?

  • Supervised learning algorithms are generally simpler to implement than unsupervised learning algorithms.
  • Supervised learning algorithms use labeled data for training, while unsupervised learning algorithms use unlabeled data. (correct)
  • Supervised learning algorithms require more computational resources than unsupervised learning algorithms.
  • Supervised learning algorithms are better suited for large datasets compared to unsupervised learning algorithms.

Which of the following scenarios is BEST suited for applying a reinforcement learning algorithm?

  • Classifying images of different types of animals.
  • Predicting customer churn based on historical transaction data.
  • Clustering customers into different market segments.
  • Training a robot to navigate an unknown environment. (correct)

In the context of machine learning, what does the term "overfitting" refer to?

<p>A model that is too complex and learns the noise in the training data, resulting in poor generalization to new data. (A)</p>
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Which of the following techniques is commonly used to prevent overfitting in machine learning models?

<p>Reducing the complexity of the model. (D)</p>
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What is the purpose of a validation dataset in machine learning?

<p>To estimate the model's performance on unseen data and tune hyperparameters. (A)</p>
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Which of the following metrics is MOST appropriate for evaluating the performance of a classification model when the classes are imbalanced?

<p>F1-score (B)</p>
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What is the primary goal of feature engineering in machine learning?

<p>To improve the accuracy and performance of the model by selecting and transforming relevant features. (A)</p>
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Which of the following is a common technique for handling missing data in machine learning?

<p>All of the above. (D)</p>
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In the context of neural networks, what is the purpose of an activation function?

<p>To introduce non-linearity into the network, allowing it to learn complex patterns. (C)</p>
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Which algorithm is MOST susceptible to the 'curse of dimensionality,' where performance degrades as the number of features increases?

<p>K-Nearest Neighbors (KNN) (A)</p>
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You're building a fraud detection system. Which evaluation metric is MOST important to optimize for, considering the high cost of missing a fraudulent transaction?

<p>Recall (D)</p>
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What is the main difference between bagging and boosting ensemble methods?

<p>Bagging trains independent models in parallel, while boosting trains sequential models where each model tries to correct the mistakes of the previous ones. (B)</p>
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Which of the following is the MOST common use case for Principal Component Analysis (PCA)?

<p>Reducing the dimensionality of a dataset while preserving variance (C)</p>
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Which of the following data preprocessing steps is MOST likely to improve the performance of a K-Nearest Neighbors (KNN) model?

<p>All of the above (D)</p>
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When should you prefer a Random Forest over a single Decision Tree?

<p>When you want to reduce the risk of overfitting and improve generalization performance. (A)</p>
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What is the role of the learning rate in gradient descent?

<p>It controls the size of the steps taken towards the minimum of the loss function. (A)</p>
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Which of the following statements is TRUE about regularization techniques like L1 and L2?

<p>L1 regularization encourages sparsity in the model by driving some feature coefficients to exactly zero. (B)</p>
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You have trained a model and observe high variance. Which of the following actions is MOST likely to improve the model's performance?

<p>Gather more training data. (C)</p>
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In anomaly detection, which of the following algorithms assumes that normal data points occur much more frequently than anomalous data points?

<p>Clustering algorithms (e.g., K-Means) (C)</p>
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