26 Questions
Define machine elements and provide an example of a general-purpose machine element.
Machine elements are individual parts of a machine that move and impact other parts to make the machine work. An example of a general-purpose machine element is gears.
What is the function of bearings in a machine? Provide an example of a type of bearing and its function.
Bearings are used to carry force and reduce friction. An example is the ball bearing, which allows for reduced friction as it rolls freely beneath a moving part.
Explain the role of shafts and couplings in machines, and provide an example of their application.
Shafts and couplings transmit torque and are used to connect parts, especially in vehicles such as cars and motorcycles.
What defines a machine, and what distinguishes it from other equipment?
A machine consumes or transmits power or energy, and its operation principle is mechanical. The presence of mechanical motion distinguishes a machine from other equipment.
What is the main focus of the engineer when designing products?
The load, as a function of time
What is the purpose of DFMEA in the design process?
To determine the maximum allowable stresses & endurance limits of structures & assemblies
What are some possible reasons for failures on loaded mating surfaces?
Wear, temperature field effects, non-allowable motions, different substrate, radiation, electrical, optical, various property change, biological degradation
What can the failure process lead to?
Usage value decrease, needed refurbishment, maintenance, fracture
What does the engineer compare to determine whether the construction is good or wrong?
Stress state from the load case to endurance limit of given elements
What is the process of designing parts, components, or products for ease of manufacturing?
Design for Manufacturing (DFM)
What are some materials that can be chosen for engineering products?
Cast iron, steel, aluminium, bronze, polymer, glass, porcelain, ceramics, wood, paper
What are some properties that the engineer explores for advance materials?
Mechanical, thermal, electrical, optical, tribological, and other specific properties
What is the approximate density ratio of polymers compared to metals?
App. 1/7
What is the operation temperature of polymers?
Write answer here
What are the various types of elements that machines consist of?
Joints, plumbing elements, springs, arrangements, drives, and complete assemblies
What is the function of plumbing elements in machines?
Handle the storage, transfer, and regulation of liquids and gases
What is the purpose of springs and spring systems in machines?
Store energy and dampen dynamic systems
How do arrangements like bearings and linear guideways contribute to machines?
Facilitate force transfer through mechanical movement
What do engineers aim to optimize when finding solutions to technical problems?
Material, structure, manufacturing, product-human interface, quality, timing, and costs
What sciences do engineers utilize in interdisciplinary teams?
Mathematics, mechanics, materials, manufacturing, streams, heat, economy, ergonomics, aesthetics, and marketing
What design process is often followed in product design?
The Pahl-Beitz design process
What principles do engineers apply to create solutions for society?
Scientific and mathematical principles
What considerations must engineers keep in mind when designing structures?
Load cases, stresses, and threshold values
What priorities do engineers balance in the field of engineering?
Quality, timing, and cost
What factors determine manufacturing costs?
Number of pieces, choice of manufacturing process, and tolerances
What is the three-step design process that engineers go through?
Determining the load case, identifying the state of stress and stress limits, designing the geometrical structure and dimensions
Study Notes
- Machines consist of various types of elements, including: joints, plumbing elements, springs, arrangements, drives, and complete assemblies.
- Joints function to transfer forces and torques between parts.
- Plumbing elements handle the storage, transfer, and regulation of liquids and gases.
- Springs and spring systems store energy and dampen dynamic systems.
- Arrangements like bearings and linear guideways facilitate force transfer through mechanical movement.
- Drives and drive systems convert power from one form to another.
- Engineers aim to find solutions to technical problems, optimizing various aspects such as material, structure, manufacturing, product-human interface, quality, timing, and costs.
- Engineers work in interdisciplinary teams, utilizing various sciences such as mathematics, mechanics, materials, manufacturing, streams, heat, economy, ergonomics, aesthetics, and marketing.
- Product design often follows the Pahl-Beitz design process.
- Engineers are problem solvers who apply scientific and mathematical principles to create safe, efficient, and cost-effective solutions for society.
- Engineers must consider load cases, stresses, and threshold values when designing structures.
- Engineering involves balancing priorities such as quality, timing, and cost.
- Engineers are part of a quality system to meet customer requirements effectively and efficiently.
- Manufacturing costs depend on the number of pieces, choice of manufacturing process, and tolerances.
- Tight tolerances may require additional processes and inspections or render a part impractical to produce economically.
- Design and development is a technology that requires teamwork, effective communication, and various methodologies.
- Engineers work in effective teams, considering marketing, design, manufacturing, preparation, purchasing, supplier development, management, customer methodology, and ethics.
- Engineers go through a three-step design process, beginning with determining the load case of the structure, followed by identifying the state of stress and stress limits, and finally designing the geometrical structure and dimensions.
Test your knowledge of machine elements with this quiz on the introduction to machine elements, mechanical systems, and the components of machines.
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