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Questions and Answers
What does Macduff present to Malcolm as a sign of victory?
What does Macduff present to Malcolm as a sign of victory?
What titles do Malcolm's thanes and kinsmen receive in the aftermath of Macbeth's defeat?
What titles do Malcolm's thanes and kinsmen receive in the aftermath of Macbeth's defeat?
How does Malcolm address Macbeth after his defeat?
How does Malcolm address Macbeth after his defeat?
What does Malcolm intend to do with the exiled friends abroad?
What does Malcolm intend to do with the exiled friends abroad?
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What aspect of the past does Malcolm mention regarding the previous rulers?
What aspect of the past does Malcolm mention regarding the previous rulers?
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What does Macbeth mean when he says he bears a 'charmed life'?
What does Macbeth mean when he says he bears a 'charmed life'?
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How does Macduff reveal the nature of his birth to Macbeth?
How does Macduff reveal the nature of his birth to Macbeth?
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What does Macbeth refuse to do in his fight with Macduff?
What does Macbeth refuse to do in his fight with Macduff?
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What is Macduff's attitude towards Macbeth during their confrontation?
What is Macduff's attitude towards Macbeth during their confrontation?
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What does Malcolm wish for regarding his missing friends?
What does Malcolm wish for regarding his missing friends?
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What is the consequence mentioned regarding Siward's son?
What is the consequence mentioned regarding Siward's son?
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How does Macbeth feel about the prophecies given to him by the witches?
How does Macbeth feel about the prophecies given to him by the witches?
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What does Macbeth imply about his fate when he says 'Lay on, Macduff'?
What does Macbeth imply about his fate when he says 'Lay on, Macduff'?
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What does Malcolm express gratitude for at the end of the passage?
What does Malcolm express gratitude for at the end of the passage?
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What title is not mentioned as being conferred upon the thanes after Macbeth's defeat?
What title is not mentioned as being conferred upon the thanes after Macbeth's defeat?
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Which significant event does Malcolm refer to regarding the previous rulers of Scotland?
Which significant event does Malcolm refer to regarding the previous rulers of Scotland?
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What does Macduff mean by 'the usurper's cursed head'?
What does Macduff mean by 'the usurper's cursed head'?
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What does Malcolm plan to do for the 'exiled friends abroad'?
What does Malcolm plan to do for the 'exiled friends abroad'?
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What does Macbeth mean when he says his 'soul is too much charged with blood of thine already'?
What does Macbeth mean when he says his 'soul is too much charged with blood of thine already'?
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What does Macduff mean by saying 'despair thy charm'?
What does Macduff mean by saying 'despair thy charm'?
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What declaration does Macbeth make about his fight with Macduff?
What declaration does Macbeth make about his fight with Macduff?
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How does Macduff respond to Macbeth's declaration of invincibility?
How does Macduff respond to Macbeth's declaration of invincibility?
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What does Macbeth express he will not do before Macduff?
What does Macbeth express he will not do before Macduff?
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What is Malcolm's attitude towards the news of Macduff's son?
What is Malcolm's attitude towards the news of Macduff's son?
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How does Macduff characterize Macbeth during their fight?
How does Macduff characterize Macbeth during their fight?
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What does Siward mean when he says a 'great day as this is cheaply bought'?
What does Siward mean when he says a 'great day as this is cheaply bought'?
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What does Malcolm imply about his rule after the defeat of Macbeth?
What does Malcolm imply about his rule after the defeat of Macbeth?
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What is the significance of the phrase 'the usurper's cursed head' as used by Macduff?
What is the significance of the phrase 'the usurper's cursed head' as used by Macduff?
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What does Malcolm suggest regarding the fate of those who served Macbeth?
What does Malcolm suggest regarding the fate of those who served Macbeth?
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What action does Malcolm vow to perform in honor of those fallen, including Siward's son?
What action does Malcolm vow to perform in honor of those fallen, including Siward's son?
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Which sentiment does Macduff convey when he refers to Malcolm as 'king'?
Which sentiment does Macduff convey when he refers to Malcolm as 'king'?
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What does Macbeth mean when he refuses to fight with Macduff?
What does Macbeth mean when he refuses to fight with Macduff?
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What does Macduff imply about his birth when he confronts Macbeth?
What does Macduff imply about his birth when he confronts Macbeth?
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How does Macbeth respond to Macduff's declaration to surrender?
How does Macbeth respond to Macduff's declaration to surrender?
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What does Malcolm indicate about the value of a soldier's life in the aftermath of battle?
What does Malcolm indicate about the value of a soldier's life in the aftermath of battle?
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What does Macbeth curse when he hears the truth about Macduff's birth?
What does Macbeth curse when he hears the truth about Macduff's birth?
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What metaphor does Malcolm use to describe what will happen to Macbeth if he is captured?
What metaphor does Malcolm use to describe what will happen to Macbeth if he is captured?
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How does Siward reflect the attitude of soldiers towards the realities of battle?
How does Siward reflect the attitude of soldiers towards the realities of battle?
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What does Macbeth mean by saying 'Let fall thy blade on vulnerable crests'?
What does Macbeth mean by saying 'Let fall thy blade on vulnerable crests'?
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What does Macduff mean by 'Hail, king! for so thou art'?
What does Macduff mean by 'Hail, king! for so thou art'?
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What does Malcolm plan to do with his thanes and kinsmen after Macbeth's defeat?
What does Malcolm plan to do with his thanes and kinsmen after Macbeth's defeat?
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What does Malcolm express regarding Macbeth's 'fiend-like queen'?
What does Malcolm express regarding Macbeth's 'fiend-like queen'?
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What significant action does Malcolm vow to perform at Scone?
What significant action does Malcolm vow to perform at Scone?
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How does the phrase 'the time is free' reflect the situation in Scotland after Macbeth's death?
How does the phrase 'the time is free' reflect the situation in Scotland after Macbeth's death?
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What does Macbeth mean by 'why should I play the Roman fool'?
What does Macbeth mean by 'why should I play the Roman fool'?
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How does Macbeth respond to Macduff's challenge to fight?
How does Macbeth respond to Macduff's challenge to fight?
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What revelation does Macduff make about his birth?
What revelation does Macduff make about his birth?
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What does Macduff intend to do with Macbeth if he captures him?
What does Macduff intend to do with Macbeth if he captures him?
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How does Macbeth feel after learning about Macduff's knowledge of his birth?
How does Macbeth feel after learning about Macduff's knowledge of his birth?
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What does Malcolm wish regarding the friends he misses?
What does Malcolm wish regarding the friends he misses?
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What does Siward mean by saying, 'a great day as this is cheaply bought'?
What does Siward mean by saying, 'a great day as this is cheaply bought'?
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What is Macbeth's final declaration before battling Macduff?
What is Macbeth's final declaration before battling Macduff?
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What does Malcolm promise to do in honor of those who have fallen in battle, including Siward's son?
What does Malcolm promise to do in honor of those who have fallen in battle, including Siward's son?
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How does Macduff signify his victory over Macbeth upon his return?
How does Macduff signify his victory over Macbeth upon his return?
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In what way does Malcolm express his gratitude towards the thanes and kinsmen after the battle?
In what way does Malcolm express his gratitude towards the thanes and kinsmen after the battle?
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What does Malcolm suggest about the 'exiled friends abroad' following Macbeth's defeat?
What does Malcolm suggest about the 'exiled friends abroad' following Macbeth's defeat?
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How does Malcolm view the deaths of those who fought against Macbeth in the context of his own fortunes?
How does Malcolm view the deaths of those who fought against Macbeth in the context of his own fortunes?
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What does Macbeth mean when he refers to Macduff as a 'hell-hound'?
What does Macbeth mean when he refers to Macduff as a 'hell-hound'?
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How does Macduff challenge Macbeth's belief in his invincibility during their fight?
How does Macduff challenge Macbeth's belief in his invincibility during their fight?
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What does Macbeth's refusal to yield to Macduff signify about his character at this point in the play?
What does Macbeth's refusal to yield to Macduff signify about his character at this point in the play?
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What attitude does Macduff exhibit towards Macbeth during their confrontation?
What attitude does Macduff exhibit towards Macbeth during their confrontation?
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What does Malcolm intend to do with the 'exiled friends abroad' after Macbeth's defeat?
What does Malcolm intend to do with the 'exiled friends abroad' after Macbeth's defeat?
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How does Macduff respond to Macbeth's claim of having a 'charmed life'?
How does Macduff respond to Macbeth's claim of having a 'charmed life'?
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What significance does Macbeth's declaration 'Lay on, Macduff' have in the context of the play?
What significance does Macbeth's declaration 'Lay on, Macduff' have in the context of the play?
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What does Malcolm imply about the nature of soldier's lives after the battle?
What does Malcolm imply about the nature of soldier's lives after the battle?
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How does Malcolm's characterization of Macbeth and his queen reflect the theme of tyranny in the play?
How does Malcolm's characterization of Macbeth and his queen reflect the theme of tyranny in the play?
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What is the significance of Malcolm's declaration that 'the time is free' in the context of Scotland's political landscape?
What is the significance of Malcolm's declaration that 'the time is free' in the context of Scotland's political landscape?
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Discuss the implications of Malcolm promising to 'reckon with your several loves' after claiming the throne.
Discuss the implications of Malcolm promising to 'reckon with your several loves' after claiming the throne.
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How does the reference to Macbeth's 'cursed head' by Macduff serve to symbolize justice in the play?
How does the reference to Macbeth's 'cursed head' by Macduff serve to symbolize justice in the play?
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Analyze the impact of Malcolm granting earldoms to his thanes and kinsmen on the concept of loyalty in the play.
Analyze the impact of Malcolm granting earldoms to his thanes and kinsmen on the concept of loyalty in the play.
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What does Macbeth mean when he questions why he should 'play the Roman fool'?
What does Macbeth mean when he questions why he should 'play the Roman fool'?
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How does Macduff's revelation about his birth impact Macbeth's confidence during their confrontation?
How does Macduff's revelation about his birth impact Macbeth's confidence during their confrontation?
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What is the significance of Macbeth saying, 'I bear a charmed life'?
What is the significance of Macbeth saying, 'I bear a charmed life'?
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In what way does Macduff characterize Macbeth during their battle?
In what way does Macduff characterize Macbeth during their battle?
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What does Malcolm mean when he refers to Macbeth being displayed 'painted on a pole'?
What does Malcolm mean when he refers to Macbeth being displayed 'painted on a pole'?
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How does Macbeth's refusal to fight with Macduff reflect his state of mind?
How does Macbeth's refusal to fight with Macduff reflect his state of mind?
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What emotional response does Siward display regarding his deceased son?
What emotional response does Siward display regarding his deceased son?
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How does Macbeth's acknowledgment of being 'charged with blood' reveal his character development?
How does Macbeth's acknowledgment of being 'charged with blood' reveal his character development?
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Study Notes
Macbeth’s Last Stand
- Macbeth refuses to commit suicide like a Roman, instead, he chooses to fight to the death, believing himself invincible.
- Macduff and Macbeth engage in a fierce duel, but Macbeth feels invincible due to the witches’ prophecy that he cannot be harmed by anyone born of woman.
- Macduff reveals that he was “untimely ripp’d” from his mother's womb, born by cesarean section, thus breaking the witch’s prophecy.
- Macbeth is defeated by Macduff, who delivers his head to Malcolm.
The Aftermath of the Battle
- Siward laments the death of his son in battle.
- Macduff brings in Macbeth’s head, declaring the reign of tyranny over.
- Malcolm is crowned King of Scotland, ending the reign of Macbeth.
- Malcolm promises to reward his loyal thanes and kinsmen with earldoms.
- Malcolm pledges to reunite the nation, including exiled friends, and bring to justice the “cruel ministers” of Macbeth and Lady Macbeth. Lady Macbeth's death is confirmed.
- Macbeth, a symbol of tyranny and evil, is finally defeated, paving the way for peace and justice under Malcolm’s righteous rule.
Macbeth's Last Stand
- Macbeth refuses to die by suicide, choosing to fight Macduff instead
- Macbeth believes he cannot be killed by anyone born of woman
- Macduff reveals he was born by Caesarean section, shattering Macbeth's illusion of invincibility
- Macbeth admits his belief in the witches has been shattered
- Macduff defeats and kills Macbeth
Malcolm's Return
- Malcolm and his allies arrive on the battlefield after the battle is over
- Siward learns his son died honorably in battle
- Macduff arrives with Macbeth's head, symbolizing the end of tyranny
- The people hail Malcolm as king
- Malcolm promises to reward his supporters and restore order to Scotland
- Malcolm promises to bring back exiled friends and punish the criminals involved in Macbeth's reign
- Malcolm announces Lady Macbeth's suicide
- Malcolm invites everyone to his coronation at Scone
The Final Battle
- Macbeth is defeated by Macduff, who was born by Caesarean section, making him not born of woman.
- Macduff has no words for Macbeth, only his sword.
- Macduff's sword cannot harm Macbeth because he believes he can only be killed by someone not born of woman.
- Macduff informs Macbeth that he was born by Caesarean section.
- Macbeth's belief in the witches' prophecies is shattered.
- Macbeth refuses to surrender and fights Macduff to the death.
- Macbeth is eventually killed by Macduff.
- Macduff brings Macbeth's head to the king.
- Macbeth is now dead, a show for the world.
The Aftermath of the Battle
- King Malcolm is crowned, with the support of his thanes.
- Macduff's arrival with Macbeth's head is met with great praise.
- All the nobles are hailed as earls, the first to be so named in Scotland.
- Malcolm talks of honoring those who fled tyranny during Macbeth's reign.
- Malcolm plans to punish Macbeth's ministers and Lady Macbeth, who is reported to have committed suicide.
- Malcolm invites his people to his coronation at Scone.
Macbeth's Last Stand
- Macbeth, refusing to die by his own hand, faces Macduff, the only one he actively avoids.
- Macduff emphasizes his silence, stating his sword speaks louder than words.
- Macbeth believes he's invincible and will live until killed by a man not born of woman.
- Macduff reveals he was born by Caesarean section, rendering Macbeth's charmed life ineffective.
- Macbeth accepts his impending doom and declares he won't yield to Malcolm or the people's scorn.
- He chooses to fight to the end, even with Birnam Wood marching towards Dunsinane.
The End of Tyranny
- Malcolm arrives with Siward, who mourns his son's death in battle, finding solace in his true soldier's death.
- Macduff enters, displaying Macbeth's severed head, signifying the usurper's defeat and the kingdom's liberation.
- The people hail Malcolm as their rightful king.
- Malcolm promises to reward his loyal thanes, making them earls for the first time in Scottish history.
- He plans to call back exiled friends, bring the tyrannical ministers to justice, and confirm the queen's suicide.
- Malcolm concludes by inviting everyone to his coronation at Scone.
Macbeth's Last Stand
- Macbeth refuses to die by suicide, choosing to fight Macduff instead.
- He believes he is invincible due to the witches' prophecy that he cannot be harmed by one born of woman.
- Macduff reveals he was born by caesarean section, shattering Macbeth's confidence.
Macduff's Triumph
- Macduff defeats and kills Macbeth, ending his reign of terror.
- He carries Macbeth's head on stage, symbolizing the official end of tyranny.
- The victorious army hails Malcolm as the rightful King of Scotland.
Malcolm's New Reign
- Malcolm expresses gratitude to his supporters and promises to reward them.
- He declares new titles for his thanes, signifying a new era in Scotland.
- Malcolm plans to bring back exiled friends and punish those responsible for Macbeth's crimes.
- He acknowledges Lady Macbeth's presumed suicide, likely caused by guilt and despair.
- Malcolm concludes the play by inviting everyone to witness his coronation at Scone, a symbol of restored order and justice.
Macbeth's Final Stand
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Macbeth, defying Roman tradition of suicide, refuses to kill himself while he sees others alive to kill.
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Macbeth encounters Macduff. He avoids fighting Macduff, having already felt the weight of the blood of Macduff's family.
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Macduff, silent and enraged, declares his sword will speak for him.
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Macbeth boasts of his charmed life, unyielding to those 'born of woman', believing himself invincible.
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Macduff reveals he was born by Caesarean section, therefore not born "of woman" and able to defy Macbeth's charmed life.
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Macbeth, shocked by the prophecy's truth, is shaken and loses hope, no longer believing in the witches' promises.
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Macduff offers Macbeth a chance to surrender, to be displayed as a monster for all to see.
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Macbeth refuses surrender, vowing to fight on, despite the prophecies of Birnam Wood's advance and Macduff's birth.
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Macduff and Macbeth engage in a final, decisive battle.
Victory and Coronation of Malcolm
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Malcolm expresses concern for missing allies, Siward assures him the victory is worth the losses.
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Ross reports the death of Siward's son, who died bravely.
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Siward, despite his grief, praises his son's death, seeking a nobler end.
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Malcolm declares that the son deserves even more sorrow, and he will mourn him accordingly.
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Macduff returns with Macbeth's head, declaring the tyrant's reign over.
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Macduff proclaims Malcolm King of Scotland, with the support of the assembled Thanes and soldiers.
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Malcolm pledges to reward his loyal followers for their support, announcing nobility for his thanes.
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Malcolm outlines future plans, including restoring exiles, punishing Macbeth's cruel agents, and dealing with Lady Macbeth's death, implied to be by her own hand.
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The play ends with the coronation of Malcolm and a celebratory march to Scone, the traditional site of Scottish coronations.
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Description
Explore the climax of Shakespeare's Macbeth where Macbeth faces Macduff in a duel. The revelations of fate and prophecy come to a head as Macduff challenges Macbeth's invincibility. Witness the aftermath of the battle and the restoration of order in Scotland.