30 Questions
What was the decision regarding the pay and scholarship of teachers and students of Oriental institutions?
They would continue to receive their pay and scholarship as usual.
What was the purpose of the money saved from not publishing Oriental literature?
To promote English literature and science.
Who assisted the Governor General in enforcing his thoughts on education?
Lord Macaulay
What was the significance of the Resolution of March 7, 1835?
It was the first declaration of the British Government in the sphere of education in India.
What was the 'great object' of the British Government according to the Resolution of March 7, 1835?
Promotion of European literature and science.
What was the decision regarding the appropriation of funds for education?
All funds would be employed in English education alone.
What was Macaulay's attitude towards the study of Hindu and Islamic laws or Sanskrit, Arabic, and Persian?
He was not in favour of their study and proposed to translate their law books into English.
Why did Macaulay propose to stop grants to oriental institutions?
Because he wanted to utilise the money in opening English schools and promoting Western education.
What was the main aim of the British government in granting money for education in India?
To spread European literature and science.
Why did Macaulay propose to prepare a code of law in English?
Because he wanted to translate Indian law books into English.
What did Macaulay advocate for in terms of education in India?
Western education and the promotion of English medium.
What was the difference between the students of oriental institutions and those in English schools?
The students of oriental institutions wanted financial help whereas those in English schools were ready to pay fees.
What did Lord Macaulay mean by an 'Indian scholar'?
A scholar who is learned in English literature and Western philosophy
What was Lord Macaulay's opinion about the native literature of India and Arabia?
A single shelf of a good European library was worth the whole native literature
Why did Lord Macaulay advocate for English to be the medium of instruction in India?
Because it was the language of the rulers and highly placed Indians
What was the main reason behind Lord Macaulay's support for the English language?
It was the language of the rulers and highly placed Indians, and it was used in trade and commerce
What did Lord Macaulay think about the oriental system of education?
He wanted to replace it with the English system of education
What was the context in which Lord Macaulay made his arguments about the English language?
During the British colonial rule in India
What was the primary objective of employing funds in the proclaimed educational policy?
Encouraging English education
Who was credited with making the actual decision to adopt the proclaimed educational policy?
Lord William Bentinck
What was the expected outcome of spreading English education among natives, according to Macaulay?
To cooperate with the government in wiping out moral and social evils
What was the purpose of William Adam's survey in 1835?
To survey indigenous education in some districts of Bengal and Bihar
How many categories of educational agencies did Adam classify in his report?
Seven
What was the expected outcome of English education in terms of governing the country?
To supply the government with English-educated Indian servants
What was the average age range of students during their schooling?
8-14 years
What was the monthly salary of teachers?
Rs. 5/-
What was the condition for distributing grants to teachers?
Based on the percentage of passes in school examinations
What was Adam's suggestion for preparing new textbooks?
To be prepared by Indians and Europeans in collaboration
What was the purpose of appointing inspectors according to Adam's suggestion?
To supervise the work of examiners
What was the main reason why women's education was not widespread?
The very name of women education made people afraid
Study Notes
British Education Policy in India
- The British government decided to promote English literature and science among Indians through the English medium, abandoning the publication of Oriental literature.
- The money spent on Oriental literature was redirected to spread English literature and science.
Lord Macaulay's Resolution
- Lord Macaulay's minute of 1835 led to the resolution of March 7, 1835, which determined the aim, content, and medium of instruction in India.
- The resolution promoted Western sciences and arts, and acknowledged the importance of English education.
William Bentinck's Orders
- Bentinck ordered that all funds for education would be used to promote English education alone.
- He believed that Indians preferred studying English over Arabic, Sanskrit, or Persian.
Macaulay's Proposal for Preparing Code in English
- Macaulay proposed to translate law books from Sanskrit, Arabic, and Persian into English and prepare a code of law.
- He was strictly secular and did not want to interfere with Indian religions.
Utilization of Grants
- Macaulay declared that the main aim of the British government was to spread European literature, and all granted money would be spent for that purpose.
- The term "Indian scholar" referred to a scholar learned in English literature and Western philosophy.
Medium of Instruction
- Macaulay advocated for English to be made the medium of instruction in India, criticizing the nature of Indian literature and languages.
- He believed that a single shelf of a good European library was worth the whole native literature of India and Arabia.
Support to English
- Macaulay argued that English was the most useful language for India, as it was the language of the rulers, highly placed Indians, and trade and commerce in the Eastern Waters.
- He believed that English education would spread liberal ideas amongst natives, who would cooperate with the government to wipe out moral and social evils.
Adam's Report
- William Adam was appointed in 1835 to survey indigenous education in some districts of Bengal and Bihar.
- He submitted three valuable reports, classifying educational agencies into seven categories, including indigenous elementary schools, English schools, and colleges.
Extent of Education
- Adam found that no village in Bengal was without primary schools, with around one lakh schools scattered across the region.
- Teachers were paid a salary of Rs. 5/- per month, and students started education at the age of eight and read up to the age of 14 years.
Courses of Studies
- Hindus generally read Bengali and Sanskrit, while Muslims read Arabic and Persian.
Education of Women
- Adam stated that the very name of women education made people afraid of.
Suggestions for Reform
- Adam suggested the publication of graded series of new textbooks, the appointment of an examiner for each district, and the appointment of inspectors for supervising the work of examiners.
Learn about the influential speech by Thomas Babington Macaulay that shaped the education system in India, emphasizing the importance of English literature and language. Explore the arguments he presented in favor of English education and how it differed from traditional Oriental studies.
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