Untitled Quiz

To describe the characteristics, behaviors, or phenomena of a population or situation.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The three main types of descriptive research are observational research, survey research, and case study research. For example, observing children on a playground to study social behavior is an example of observational research. Asking employees about job satisfaction is an example of survey research. Examining a patient with a rare psychological disorder is an example of a case study.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Two major advantages of using surveys for descriptive research include the ability to reach a large sample size and being cost-effective and efficient. Surveys are a relatively easy and affordable way to collect data from a large number of people.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Naturalistic observation involves observing behavior in its natural environment, while structured observation takes place in a controlled environment. Naturalistic observation aims for ecological validity and minimizes researcher influence, but it can be challenging to control for confounding variables. Structured observation offers more control over the variables but may not provide a completely natural representation of behavior.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A case study is most suitable for in-depth exploration of a unique individual, group, or situation which is usually rare or unusual. It is often used to study rare phenomena, such as a child prodigy or a survivor of a natural disaster.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Staggered intervention, non-reversal design, and internal validity</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>AB design</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The purpose of using an ABA design is to demonstrate causality by observing whether the behavior returns to baseline once the intervention is removed. Its limitations include the ethical concern of withholding treatment if it is beneficial and being impractical to implement in situations where the intervention is irreversible.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>ABAB design uses reversal phases to demonstrate causality, while multiple baseline designs stagger the introduction of the intervention across different behaviors, settings, or participants. ABAB designs are simpler and easier to implement, but multiple baseline designs provide more flexibility and can be applied to multiple variables simultaneously.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The purpose of changing criterion design is to evaluate whether the behavior systematically follows the changing criteria for reinforcement. For example, a researcher might gradually increase the number of completed homework problems required for a reward to see if the student's completion rate consistently improves in response to the more demanding criteria.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Including effect size in addition to p-values provides a more comprehensive understanding of the magnitude and significance of the observed effects. It offers a more complete picture of the findings, allowing researchers to assess not only whether an effect occurred but also how strong that effect was.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>T-test</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The independent samples t-test compares the means of two separate groups, while the paired samples t-test compares the means of two sets of measurements from the same group. For instance, an independent samples t-test could be used to compare the test scores of two different classes, while a paired samples t-test could be used to compare the pre-test and post-test scores of the same group of students after a specific intervention.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Correlation measures the strength and direction of a linear relationship between two variables. Pearson's r, also known as the correlation coefficient, ranges from -1 to +1, where a positive value indicates a positive linear relationship, a negative value indicates a negative linear relationship, and a value close to 0 suggests a weak or no linear relationship. For instance, a correlation coefficient of 0.8 indicates a strong positive linear relationship.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The primary purpose of regression analysis is to predict a dependent variable based on one or more independent variables. It helps researchers understand how changes in independent variables influence changes in the dependent variable.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Increasing the sample size generally increases statistical power. This is because larger samples provide more information and reduce the influence of random variability, making it easier to detect a real effect and reject the null hypothesis.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Qualitative data</p> Signup and view all the answers