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Questions and Answers

What did citizens of Athens value most?

  • The expansion of the empire
  • Control over other city-states
  • Military strength
  • Education and thinking (correct)

What did Spartans value most?

  • Freeing enslaved people
  • Creating a strong military (correct)
  • Traveling to other cultures
  • Building schools

What happened after the Ionian revolt that led to the first battle of the Persian Wars?

Darius I led the Persian army in an invasion of Marathon.

Why did the Persians struggle at the Battle of Marathon?

<p>Their archers struggled to fight the Greek infantry at close range.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What allowed the Persians to win the Battle of Thermopylae?

<p>The Persians had many more soldiers than the Greeks.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the result of the Battle of Salamis?

<p>The Greek navy helped defeat the Persians.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the main result of the Persian Wars?

<p>The Greeks stopped the invasion of the Persians.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement best describes how citizenship differed between Sparta and Athens?

<p>In Athens, citizens were free men, while in Sparta, citizenship was granted to soldiers.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement best explains how the social structure of Athens differed from that of Sparta?

<p>The Athenians had four social classes, while the Spartans had three social classes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What advantage did the Greek army have at the Battle of Marathon?

<p>They were better prepared for a close-range battle.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the outcome of the Battle of Marathon?

<p>The Greek army forced back the Persian soldiers.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement best describes the government of Athens?

<p>It was run by the citizens.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How did the Persian Wars affect the relationship between Athens and Sparta?

<p>Athens and Sparta joined together to fight.</p> Signup and view all the answers

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Study Notes

Values of Athens and Sparta

  • Athenians prioritized education and critical thinking, fostering intellectual pursuits.
  • Spartans emphasized the importance of a strong military, training to be formidable warriors.

Persian Wars Overview

  • The Ionian Revolt prompted Persian King Darius I to invade Greece, leading to the Battle of Marathon.
  • At Marathon, Persian archers faced difficulties due to close-range Greek infantry combat.

Key Battles and Outcomes

  • Thermopylae was a significant engagement where Persian numbers overwhelmed the Greek forces, leading to a Persian victory.
  • The Battle of Salamis saw the Greek navy decisively defeat the Persians, marking a turning point in the war.
  • The overall outcome of the Persian Wars was that the Greeks successfully stopped the Persian invasion.

Citizenship and Social Structure

  • In Athens, citizenship was typically granted to free men; in contrast, Spartan citizenship was awarded mainly to soldiers.
  • Athens had a four-class social structure, while Sparta maintained three classes, reflecting differing societal priorities.

Military Tactics and Advantages

  • The Greek army at Marathon was well-prepared, excelling in close-range battle tactics.
  • The Athenian victory at Marathon involved pushing back the Persian army, demonstrating Greek resilience.

Governance and Relationships

  • Athens operated as a democracy, run by citizens, contrasting with Sparta's more oligarchic or military-run governance.
  • The Persian Wars brought Athens and Sparta together, promoting a temporary alliance against a common foe.

Educational Approaches

  • Education in Athens was broader and included various subjects, contrasting sharply with Spartan education, which focused on military training and discipline.

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