M240 & M2A1 Machine Gun Principles
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Questions and Answers

What criteria could require a SBF position to displace?

Supporting fires masked by supporting unit.

Which of the MG employment principles covers ammo consumption and the amount required to maximize the effects of fire and minimize excessive consumption?

Economy of rounds

What does the acronym ADDRAC stand for and what is it the criteria for?

Alert, Direction, Description, Range, Assignment, Control

Inside displacement criteria, what are the methods of displacement?

<p>Echelon and Unit</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the preferred method of employment in the offense?

<p>By section</p> Signup and view all the answers

What two missions can be assigned to a MG in the defense?

<p>PRF and FPL</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the characteristics of fire?

<p>Burst of fire, Trajectory, Cone of fire, Beaten Zone, Dead Space, Danger Space</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the classes of fire with respect to ground?

<p>Grazing and Plunging</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the classes of fire with respect to target?

<p>Frontal, Flanking, Oblique, Enfilade</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the prescribed distance for MSL's?

<p>15 degrees</p> Signup and view all the answers

When conducting overhead fire on undulating/un-level terrain, what are the methods to establish an OSL?

<p>Gunner Leader Rule</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of fire would be used to suppress a target that requires major changes in direction but not elevation?

<p>Swinging Traverse</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of fire would be used on a point target/target that requires little to no manipulation?

<p>Fixed</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is flanking fire?

<p>Delivered against the flank of a target, or at the side or rear of an enemy formation</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is enfilade fire?

<p>The long axis of the beaten zone coincides or nearly coincides with the long axis of the target.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are fires in support of maneuver?

<p>Beyond maneuver</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are fires in support of isolation?

<p>Maneuver units immediate obj during the assault</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are fires in support of the assault?

<p>Delivered against the most immediate &amp; serious threat to it</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are long range fires?

<p>Interdicting and disrupting them before</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are fires identified as FPL and can only be fired when authorized by the unit commander?

<p>FPF</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are close defensive fires?

<p>immediate threat to the units defense, primary EA</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Displacement Criteria

Supporting fires are masked by the unit they are supporting.

Economy of Rounds

A principle that maximizes fire effects while minimizing excessive ammo use.

ADDRAC Meaning

Alert, Direction, Description, Range, Assignment, Control. Used to give fire commands effectively.

MORT Meaning

Method, Objective, Route, Time. Used for planning a displacement.

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Displacement Methods

Echelon and Unit, used to describe ways to move the guns.

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Employment by Section

Preferred method of machine gun employment in the offense.

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MG Defense Missions

Precise registration fire and final protective line.

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Fire Characteristics

Burst of fire, trajectory, cone of fire, beaten zone, dead space, danger space.

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M240 Sustained Rate

100 RPM, 6-8 round bursts, 4-5 sec pause, barrel change every 10 min.

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M240 Rapid Rate

200 RPM, 6-8 round bursts, 2-3 sec pause, barrel change every 2 min.

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M240 Cyclic Rate

550-650 RPM, barrel change every 1 min.

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M2A1 Sustained Rate

40 or less RPM, 6-9 round bursts, 10-15 sec pause barrel change at end of day.

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M2A1 Rapid Rate

40 or more RPM, 6-9 round bursts, 5-10 sec pause, barrel change every hour.

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M2A1 Cyclic Rate

450-600 RPM, barrel change every 30 min.

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MK19 Sustained Rate

40 RPM, 6-9 round bursts, 10-15 sec pause.

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MK19 Rapid Rate

60 RPM, 6-9 round bursts, 8-10 sec pause.

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MK19 Cyclic Rate

325-375 RPM.

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Classes of Fire (Ground)

Grazing and plunging.

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Classes of Fire (Target)

Frontal, flanking, oblique, enfilade.

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Classes of Fire (Gun)

Fixed, traversing, searching, searching & traversing, swinging traverse, free gun.

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MSL Prescribed Distance

15 degrees.

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OSL Methods (Uneven Terrain)

Gunner leader rule.

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M240 Ranges

Point: 800m, Area/Max Effective: 1800m.

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M2A1 Ranges

Point: 1500m, Area/Max Effective: 1830m.

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MK19 Ranges

Point: 1500m, Area/Max Effective: 2212m.

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Swinging Traverse

Fire that requires major changes in direction but not elevation.

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Fixed Fire

Fire used on a point target requiring little or no manipulation.

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Flanking Fire

Delivered against the flank of a target, or at the side or rear of an enemy formation.

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Enfilade Fire

The long axis of the beaten zone coincides with the long axis of the target.

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Grazing Fire

When the center of the cone of fire does not rise more than 1 meter above the ground.

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Study Notes

  • Displacement of a SBF position may be required when supporting fires are masked by the supporting unit.
  • The MG employment principle of "economy of rounds" addresses ammo consumption to maximize fire effects and minimize excessive use.
  • ADDRAC is an acronym for: Alert, Direction, Description, Range, Assignment, Control.
  • MORT is an acronym for: Method, Objective, Route, Time.
  • Methods of displacement include: Echelon and Unit.
  • The preferred method of employment in the offense is by section.
  • Two missions that can be assigned to a MG in the defense: PRF (Principal Direction of Fire) and FPL (Final Protective Line).
  • Characteristics of fire: Burst of fire, Trajectory, Cone of fire, Beaten Zone, Dead Space, Danger Space.

M240 Rates of Fire

  • Sustained: 100 RPM, 6-8 rounds burst, 4-5 sec pause, barrel change every 10 min
  • Rapid: 200 RPM, 6-8 rounds burst, 2-3 sec pause, barrel change every 2 min
  • Cyclic: 550-650 RPM, barrel change every 1 min

M2A1 Rates of Fire

  • Sustained: 40 or less RPM, 6-9 round burst, 10-15 sec pause, barrel change end of day
  • Rapid: 40 or more RPM, 6-9 round burst, 5-10 sec pause, barrel change every hour
  • Cyclic: 450-600 RPM, barrel change every 30 min

MK19 Rates of Fire

  • Sustained: 40 RPM, 6-9 round burst, 10-15 sec pause
  • Rapid: 60 RPM, 6-9 round burst, 8-10 sec pause
  • Cyclic: 325-375 RPM

Classes of Fire

  • Classes of fire with respect to ground are Grazing and Plunging.
  • Classes of fire with respect to target are Frontal, Flanking, Oblique, Enfilade.
  • Classes of fire with respect to gun are Fixed, Traversing, Searching, Searching & Traversing, Swinging Traverse, Free Gun.
  • The prescribed distance for MSL’s is 15 degrees.
  • When conducting overhead fire on undulating/un-level terrain, the methods to establish an OSL is the Gunner Leader Rule.

Point, Area, Max Effective Range

  • M240: Point- 800m, Area- 1800m, Max Effective- 1800m
  • M2A1: Point- 1500m, Area- 1830m, Max Effective- 1830m
  • MK19: Point- 1500m, Area- 2212m, Max Effective- 2212m
  • Swinging Traverse fire is used to suppress a target that requires major changes in direction but not elevation.
  • Fixed fire is used on a point target/target that requires little to no manipulation.
  • Flanking fire is delivered against the flank of a target, or at the side or rear of an enemy formation.
  • With enfilade fire, the long axis of the beaten zone coincides or nearly coincides with the long axis of the target.
  • Grazing fire is when the center of the cone of fire does not rise more than 1 meter above the ground.
  • Fires in support of maneuver: Beyond maneuver.
  • Fires in support of isolation: Maneuver units immediate objective during the assault.
  • Fires in support of consolidation: When units are most vulnerable to enemy counterattack.
  • Fires in support of the assault: Delivered against the most immediate & serious threat to it.
  • Long range fires focuses on Interdicting and disrupting the enemy before they can engage.
  • Fires identified as FPL and that can only be fired when authorized by the unit commander: FPF (Final Protective Fire).
  • Close defensive fires addresses the immediate threat to the units defense, primary EA (Engagement Area).

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Description

Understanding machine gun employment: displacement, economy of rounds, and formations. Details on ADDRAC, MORT, and offensive/defensive roles. Covers fire characteristics and M240/M2A1 rates of fire.

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